Chapter 1: Crime & Criminal Justice
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Questions and Answers

Which group of individuals is considered easily victimized due to their gullibility and lack of vigilance?

  • Lonesome and Heartbroken
  • Depressed (correct)
  • Acquisitive
  • Tormentors

Which characteristic primarily describes the Acquisitive individuals in the context of victimization?

  • Greediness and susceptibility to scams (correct)
  • Self-aware and cautious
  • Desire for companionship
  • Manipulative behavior in relationships

Who are the individuals that may become victims when their previous victims retaliate?

  • Lonesome and Heartbroken
  • Tormentors (correct)
  • Depressed
  • Blocked/Exempted/Fighting Victims

Which group is especially prone to victimization due to their intense longing for companionship?

<p>Lonesome and Heartbroken (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common trait among blocked/exempted/fighting victims that contributes to their victimization?

<p>Entering situations where they can be taken advantage of due to their own actions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes larceny?

<p>Taking possessions with the intent of keeping them (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main distinction between burglary and larceny?

<p>Burglary involves entering a place to commit a crime, while larceny is theft without entry (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which crime is classified as a felony?

<p>Robbery involving a weapon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates violent crime from property crime?

<p>Violent crime results in physical harm to victims (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of crime, what does the term 'victimless crime' refer to?

<p>Crimes that do not have identifiable victims (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary roles of the US Marshals?

<p>Executing federal warrants for arrest and search (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cases falls under the jurisdiction of US District Courts?

<p>Cases involving a federal question (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one logistical obstacle to effectively measuring crime?

<p>Inconsistent definitions across jurisdictions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What additional duty do US Marshals perform related to prisoners?

<p>Secure transportation of federal prisoners (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding violent crimes?

<p>They often lead to the death penalty (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The term 'arson' is best defined as:

<p>Willfully burning another's property (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What trend has been observed regarding criminal prosecutions in US District Courts since 1980?

<p>Significant rise in drug and immigration prosecutions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of the US Marshals?

<p>Managing local law enforcement agencies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary reason for the exclusion of certain offenses in the criminal justice system?

<p>The cost of maintaining a completely crime-free society (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes an adversarial process in the court system?

<p>Two opposing parties present their cases independently. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the Wedding Cake Model represents the most sensational cases?

<p>Top Layer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinction between a bench trial and a jury trial?

<p>In a bench trial, the judge decides and there is no jury. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does discretion influence the criminal justice process?

<p>It allows officials to make decisions within legal guidelines (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a docket in the context of courts?

<p>A schedule of cases to be heard by the court. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of crime is described as a non-violent offense committed during business for financial gain?

<p>White Collar Crime (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did inquests play in the development of jury systems?

<p>They represented the first formal jury to investigate facts about incidents. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What common issue can lead to cases falling through the cracks in the criminal justice system?

<p>The high stress nature of the roles involved (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the courts in colonial North America differ from those in England?

<p>Local concerns influenced the development of court practices in each colony. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the Wedding Cake Model involves less serious felonies that typically do not involve fatalities?

<p>Third Layer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of corporate crime?

<p>It is exclusively committed by employees (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the Bottom Layer of the Wedding Cake Model?

<p>Misdemeanors or minor offenses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which classification of crime is typically punishable by a sentence of a year or more in prison?

<p>Felony (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature that must be present for an act to be labeled a criminal offense?

<p>Criminal intent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the act of planning or attempting to commit a crime, without actually carrying it out?

<p>Inchoate offense (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of crime is generally characterized by minor offenses and may result in fines or jail time for less than a year?

<p>Misdemeanor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the corpus delicti framework, what does actus reus refer to?

<p>Guilty deed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes infractions from other classifications of crime?

<p>Type of legal representation required (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between actus reus and mens rea in criminal law?

<p>They must occur simultaneously for a crime to occur (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element of crime refers to the circumstances surrounding the criminal act?

<p>Attendant circumstances (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Street Crime

Small-scale, personal offenses like homicide, rape, robbery, assault, burglary, vandalism, etc.

Larceny

Theft of possessions with the intent to keep them.

Arson

Willful or malicious burning of property.

Burglary

Breaking into a structure/vehicle to commit a crime or theft.

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Felony

Serious crime punishable by more than a year in prison.

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Misdemeanor

Minor crime with penalties like fines or short jail time.

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Property Crime

Crimes involving property like larceny, theft, motor vehicle theft, arson.

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Victimless Crime

Consensual actions that offend societal norms/standards but lack a tangible victim.

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Discretion in CJ

The power of a criminal justice official to make decisions within legal guidelines for individual cases.

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Wedding Cake Model

A model categorizing crimes based on their seriousness and media attention.

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Top Layer (Wedding Cake)

The most serious crimes like gruesome murders, serial/mass murders, and famous cases.

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Corporate Crime

Illegal activities committed by a corporation’s officer on behalf of the corporation.

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White-Collar Crime

Non-violent, financially motivated, criminal offenses committed during business.

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Leakage (in funnel)

Cases not addressed due to limited capacity or resources.

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Cost of Crime Prevention

Preventing crime is expensive.

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Easily Victimized

People who struggle to recognize deception and are vulnerable to being taken advantage of.

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Acquisitive Person

Individuals prone to greed, making them targets for financial scams.

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Relationship Victimization

Vulnerability to manipulation by partners who promise companionship and intimacy.

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Relationship Abusers

Individuals who are tormentors in relationships and become vulnerable.

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Self-Caused Victimization

Vulnerability occurring when victims engage in actions that make them prone to exploitation.

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What is the adversarial process?

The adversarial process is a legal system where two opposing parties (prosecution and defense in criminal law, plaintiff and defense in civil law) present their cases to a judge or jury, who then decides the outcome.

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What is a bench trial?

A bench trial is a trial where the defendant waives their right to a jury trial and the judge hears and decides the case.

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What is a docket?

A docket is a schedule of cases in a court.

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What is an inquest?

An inquest is a formal inquiry to determine the cause of death or other events. It's considered the first type of jury.

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How did English courts influence US courts?

The development of English courts from the 11th to 18th centuries laid the foundation for the US court system. England didn't standardize practices, so US courts developed based on local needs. The US Constitution and Bill of Rights also had a significant impact, leaving courts to interpret specific behaviors.

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What is the purpose of due process?

Due process ensures fair legal proceedings by establishing rules for evidence presentation, witness handling, and trial conduct.

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What is a felony?

A serious crime punishable by at least a year in state or federal prison or potentially the death penalty. Felonies usually involve additional consequences like parole or fines.

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What is a misdemeanor?

A minor offense punishable by fines and/or jail time for up to a year. Misdemeanors are less serious than felonies.

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What are inchoate offenses?

Crimes made up of actions intended to commit another offense. These offenses, like conspiracy, attempt, and solicitation, aim to deter criminal planning and attempts.

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What is an infraction?

A minor civil offense, not serious enough for jail time. Infractions are typically punishable by fines.

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US Marshals: What do they do?

The US Marshals Service is a federal law enforcement agency established in 1789. Their main roles include: taking into custody individuals charged with federal offenses, executing warrants, transporting prisoners, catching fugitives wanted for federal crimes, protecting federal witnesses and judges, and managing seized assets.

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Federal Court Cases: What are they about?

US District Courts are responsible for a limited number of cases that involve federal law or diversity of jurisdiction, meaning cases where parties are from different states. Additionally, they handle prisoner petitions.

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What is actus reus?

The criminal act itself. It's the guilty deed, the action that breaks the law.

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Diversity of Jurisdiction

A situation where a lawsuit can be brought in federal court because the parties are from different states and the amount in controversy exceeds $75,000.

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What is mens rea?

The criminal intent, the guilty mind. It refers to the mental state of the person during the crime.

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Prisoner Petition

A request made by a prisoner challenging the lawfulness of their confinement.

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What is corpus delicti?

The elements that make up a crime. These elements include the criminal act (actus reus), criminal intent (mens rea), and the relationship between these two.

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US District Courts Workload

While most cases in US District Courts are civil, the number of drug and immigration cases has increased significantly since 1980.

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Study Notes

Chapter 1: Crime & Criminal Justice

  • Social Control: Society's rules, habits, and customs to enforce conformity to norms. Without control, society would be chaotic and dangerous.
  • Crime: Violation of societal laws by individuals or groups.
  • Justice: Applying punishment or reward based on a society's morals and values. Interpretations of justice can vary between societies.
  • Criminal Justice: A social institution tasked with controlling crime by detecting, detaining, adjudicating, punishing, and/or rehabilitating lawbreakers. This system is dynamic and continuously evolves.
  • Sociological Imagination: The idea that individual perceptions of society are influenced by personal circumstances (e.g., social class, race, age, gender).
  • Criminal Justice System: Comprises various government agencies at federal, state, and local levels with roles in dealing with crime. There are approximately 18,000 agencies nationwide.

CJ System & Process

  • The system responds to societal breaches of law (e.g., state versus defendant).
  • Law enforcement, courts, and corrections are key components in dealing with cases.
  • Initial contact with law enforcement initiates the process.
  • Courts determine guilt/innocence.
  • Convictions proceed to correctional systems to address the punishment/treatment.
  • The process involves multiple stages with decisions made at each step to move the case forward.

Law Enforcement

  • Law enforcement is the first point of contact in a criminal case.
  • Initial investigation, collecting evidence, preserving crime scenes, and taking statements are part of the process.
  • Law enforcement reports crime and involves initial contact, investigation, arrest, and booking

Courts

  • The prosecutor decides whether sufficient evidence exists for charges.
  • Preliminary hearings determine probable causes to move forward to the next steps.
  • Formal charges (arraignment) are issued.
  • Plea bargains (plea negotiations) may occur.
  • Judgments and sentencing are rendered.

CORRECTIONS

  • The offender is punished, which can involve payment of financial penalties or serving some or all of a jail/prison sentence.
  • Offenders who are sentenced to less than a year are held in local jails
  • Longer terms are served in state or federal prisons

Due Process & Crime Control Models

  • Due Process Model: emphasizes fairness in the justice system, with focus on protecting the rights of the accused
  • Crime Control Model: emphasizes efficiency and effectiveness in the justice system, with focus on maintaining order and repressing crime

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Description

Explore the foundational concepts of crime and criminal justice through this quiz. Understand social control, the dynamics of the criminal justice system, and how individual perceptions shape societal norms. Test your knowledge on the roles and functions of various agencies involved in maintaining justice.

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