Chain of Infection and Infectious Diseases

Pertussis = Direct Transmission Measles = Airborne Transmission Hepatitis A = Vehicle Transmission Meningococcal infection = Direct Transmission

Food or water carrying E.coli = Vehicles Measles virus remaining suspended in the air = Airborne Mosquitoes carrying an infectious agent = Vectors Surgical scalpels contaminated with infectious agents = Vehicles

Skin = Cuts or abrasions Mouth = Ingestion of contaminated food or water Blood = Transfusion of contaminated blood Eyes = Contact with contaminated surfaces

<p>Un-immunized people = Individuals without vaccinations Babies = Immature immune systems People with a weakened immune system = Those undergoing chemotherapy Elderly = Decreased immune function with age</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Handwashing = Reducing the number of microorganisms on hands Vaccination = Strengthening the host's immunity Isolation of infected individuals = Preventing transmission to others Disinfection of surfaces = Eliminating infectious agents from inanimate objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacteria = Single-cell organisms that can have plant and animal characteristics Viruses = Infectious agents that can only replicate inside living cells Parasites = Organisms that grow and feed on another organism without contributing to its survival Fungi = Mold-like organisms that can cause infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tuberculosis = Air-borne Cholera = Water-borne Meningitis = Body secretions Diphtheria = Environmental surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Common colds = Air-borne Hepatitis = Blood-borne Influenza = Water droplets Measles = Air-borne</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fleas = External parasites Ticks = Blood-feeding parasites Worms = Internal parasites Head Lice = Surface parasites on humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reducing infection transmission = To minimize the spread of diseases Success of infection control program = To implement effective preventive measures Preventing diseases = To maintain the health of staff and patients Understanding modes of transmission = To identify how infections are spread</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>HIV/AIDS = Viral infection Meningitis = Bacterial infection Head Lice = Parasitic infection Fungal infections = Fungal infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus = Antibiotic resistant strain Cholera = Water-borne disease Tuberculosis = Air-borne disease Diphtheria = Bacterial throat infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chicken pox = Viral skin infection Flu = Respiratory infection AIDS = Blood-borne disease Gastrointestinal infections = Digestive system viral infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Causative / Infectious Agent = Micro-organism that produces a disease Reservoir = Host that allows micro-organism to live Portal of Exit = Route for micro-organism to escape from reservoir Susceptible Host = An individual at risk of infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacteria = Causes diseases like Tuberculosis Viruses = Causes diseases like Influenza Fungi = Can cause infections like athlete's foot Parasites = Live on or in a host and cause harm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direct Transmission = Skin-to-skin contact Droplet Spread = Sneeze or cough droplets Air-borne = Pathogens in the air Vectors = Mosquitoes transmitting disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skin = Open wound releasing pathogens Mouth = Coughing or sneezing Blood = Injury causing bleeding Body fluids = Transmission through sweat or saliva</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direct Contact = Person-to-person interactions Droplet Spread = Transmission through large aerosols Vector Transmission = Involves insects or animals Air-borne Transmission = Pathogens carried in the air</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>AIDS = Virus Cholera = Bacteria Lice = Parasite Athlete's Foot = Fungi</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Humans = Sick individuals or carriers Animals = Infected animals Soil = Environment harboring pathogens Water = Source for waterborne pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direct Transmission = Person-to-Person contact Indirect Transmission = Via surfaces or objects Vector Transmission = Infected insects or animals Airborne Transmission = Pathogens in dust or droplets</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DO NOT become infected at all = The host remains completely unexposed to the infectious agent. Become infected but develop NO symptoms = Infection occurs without noticeable effects. Become infected and develop mild/moderate symptoms = Mild reaction to the infection is present. Develop severe symptoms = The infection leads to a critical health condition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strength of infectious agent = The capacity of the agent to cause disease. Level of resistance of the host = The host's ability to fend off infections. Environment = The surrounding conditions affecting disease spread. Genetic factors = Inherited characteristics that influence susceptibility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Written policies = Documented guidelines for infection prevention. Employee screening = Assessing health status before employment. Vaccination = Immunization to bolster defense against diseases. Health Education = Providing information to encourage best practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Get appropriate vaccines = Protection against specific infectious diseases. Wash your hands frequently = Maintaining hygiene to prevent spread. Stay home if you are sick = Avoiding contact with others to mitigate contagion. Wear Personal Protective Equipment = Using gear to shield against exposure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coughing into your arm = Minimizing the spread of respiratory droplets. Using single-use tissues = Preventing recontamination. Not touching your eyes, nose, or mouth = Reducing the risk of viral transmission. Washing hands after sneezing = Eliminating pathogens that may have spread.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Follow-up communication with doctors = Ensuring appropriate health management. Encouraging sick employees to stay home = Reducing the risk of workplace outbreaks. Properly managing exposure situations = Immediate response to potential infection incidents. Educating children about hygiene = Instilling lifelong health habits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hygiene = Foundation of all infection control measures. Screening = Initial step to prevent infecting others. Vaccination = Critical tool in controlling infectious diseases. Education = Empowers individuals to make informed health decisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frequent handwashing = Cuts down on germ transmission. Using clean toys for children = Minimizes the likelihood of outbreaks. Not sharing utensils = Limits the spread of pathogens. Coughing etiquette = Protects others from illness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A model describing how infections spread through 6 components.

Micro-organism that produces disease, like bacteria or viruses.

A host that allows a micro-organism to live and multiply.

The route for a micro-organism to leave its reservoir.

Ways infectious agents are spread to hosts, direct or indirect.

Spread of infection through person-to-person contact.

Spread via non-person contact, like airborne or vectors.

The route through which a micro-organism enters a susceptible host.

Diseases caused by micro-organisms like bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi.

Single-celled micro-organisms with plant and animal characteristics, found in various environments.

Diseases such as Tuberculosis, Cholera, and Meningitis caused by bacteria.

Infectious agents that replicate only inside living host cells; cause colds and infections.

Infections like common colds, influenza, chicken pox, and AIDS caused by viruses.

Organisms that live on or in another organism while harming it; they gain resources without giving back.

Key to reducing transmission and preventing diseases in workplaces, especially healthcare.

Type of direct transmission over a few feet before droplets settle.

Infectious agents carried by dust/droplets in the air.

Infectious agents spread through food, water, or objects.

Infectious agents carried by living organisms like insects.

An individual easily infected due to weak immunity.

Different ways hosts react to infectious diseases, ranging from no infection to severe illness.

The potency of the pathogen, influencing its ability to cause disease.

The host's ability to fight off infections, which determines disease outcomes.

Measures taken to protect vulnerable individuals from infections in various settings.

Policies and actions to prevent the spread of infection, including screening and vaccination.

Clothing and gear worn to protect against infectious agents in the environment.

A method to stimulate immunity against infectious diseases, regarded as cost-effective.

Simple habits like handwashing and staying home when sick to prevent spread of infections.