Ch. 3 The Cellular Level of Organization: Plasma Membrane Structure
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Questions and Answers

Which organelle in the liver cells helps release glucose into the bloodstream and inactivates or detoxifies lipid-soluble drugs?

  • Mitochondria
  • Peroxisomes
  • Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
  • Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (correct)

What is the main function of proteasomes?

  • Remove unneeded, damaged, or faulty proteins from the cytoplasm (correct)
  • Absorb and break down fatty acids
  • Produce energy to carry out cellular functions
  • Synthesize fatty acids and steroids

What is the function of drug tolerance in relation to the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?

  • It decreases the release of glucose into the bloodstream
  • It increases the tolerance of drugs by increasing the production of detoxifying enzymes (correct)
  • It decreases the production of detoxifying enzymes
  • It reduces the synthesis of fatty acids and steroids

Which organelle is responsible for absorbing and breaking down fatty acids and other organic compounds, while generating hydrogen peroxide?

<p>Peroxisomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which organelle does the synthesis of fatty acids and steroids primarily occur?

<p>Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are motile cilia mainly found, and what is their primary function?

<p>Respiratory and reproductive systems; they rhythmically move fluids or secretions across cell surface (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of intermediate filaments in a cell?

<p>Support and anchoring of organelles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein filament is responsible for movement and mechanical support within a cell?

<p>Microfilaments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of microtubules in a cell?

<p>Intracellular transport of organelles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ribosome is scattered throughout the cytoplasm and is not attached to the endoplasmic reticulum?

<p>Free ribosomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?

<p>Process, sort, and deliver proteins and lipids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are centrioles typically not found in human cells?

<p>Nerve cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which genetic information encoded in DNA is copied onto a strand of RNA called messenger RNA (mRNA)?

<p>Transcription (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from a solution with higher solute concentration to a solution with lower solute concentration?

<p>Osmosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What biological molecules determine the physical and chemical characteristics of cells?

<p>Proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In protein synthesis, what is the process of reading mRNA nucleotide sequence to determine the amino acid sequence of a protein called?

<p>Translation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of diabetes occurs when T cells attack and destroy most of the beta cells in the pancreas that are needed to produce insulin?

<p>Type 1 diabetes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of diffusion involves the movement of molecules through the lipid proteins of the membrane, for example, fatty acids and steroids?

<p>Simple diffusion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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