Ch. 3 The Cellular Level of Organization: Plasma Membrane Structure

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Which organelle in the liver cells helps release glucose into the bloodstream and inactivates or detoxifies lipid-soluble drugs?

Mitochondria

Peroxisomes

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (correct)

What is the main function of proteasomes?

Remove unneeded, damaged, or faulty proteins from the cytoplasm (correct)

Absorb and break down fatty acids

Produce energy to carry out cellular functions

Synthesize fatty acids and steroids

What is the function of drug tolerance in relation to the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?

It decreases the release of glucose into the bloodstream

It increases the tolerance of drugs by increasing the production of detoxifying enzymes (correct)

It decreases the production of detoxifying enzymes

It reduces the synthesis of fatty acids and steroids

Which organelle is responsible for absorbing and breaking down fatty acids and other organic compounds, while generating hydrogen peroxide?

Peroxisomes Signup and view all the answers

In which organelle does the synthesis of fatty acids and steroids primarily occur?

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Signup and view all the answers

Where are motile cilia mainly found, and what is their primary function?

Respiratory and reproductive systems; they rhythmically move fluids or secretions across cell surface Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of intermediate filaments in a cell?

Support and anchoring of organelles Signup and view all the answers

Which protein filament is responsible for movement and mechanical support within a cell?

Microfilaments Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of microtubules in a cell?

Intracellular transport of organelles Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ribosome is scattered throughout the cytoplasm and is not attached to the endoplasmic reticulum?

Free ribosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?

Process, sort, and deliver proteins and lipids Signup and view all the answers

Where are centrioles typically not found in human cells?

Nerve cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which genetic information encoded in DNA is copied onto a strand of RNA called messenger RNA (mRNA)?

Transcription Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from a solution with higher solute concentration to a solution with lower solute concentration?

Osmosis Signup and view all the answers

What biological molecules determine the physical and chemical characteristics of cells?

Proteins Signup and view all the answers

In protein synthesis, what is the process of reading mRNA nucleotide sequence to determine the amino acid sequence of a protein called?

Translation Signup and view all the answers

Which type of diabetes occurs when T cells attack and destroy most of the beta cells in the pancreas that are needed to produce insulin?

Type 1 diabetes Signup and view all the answers

Which type of diffusion involves the movement of molecules through the lipid proteins of the membrane, for example, fatty acids and steroids?

Simple diffusion Signup and view all the answers