Ch. 3 The Cellular Level of Organization: Plasma Membrane Structure

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What is the process by which extracellular materials are packaged in vesicles at the cell surface and imported into the cell?

Endocytosis

Which process brings solid materials from outside the cell into the cell?

Endocytosis

What is the term for the process of vesicle content being released into the extracellular environment?

Exocytosis

Which phase of the cell cycle involves the duplication of chromosomes?

<p>S phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of distribution of two sets of chromosomes during cell division?

<p>Mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the ability of cancerous cells to spread to other parts of the body?

<p>Metastasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for producing energy to carry out the functions of life?

<p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum in liver cells?

<p>Inactivate or detoxify lipid-soluble drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of cilia in the respiratory and reproductive systems?

<p>Move fluids or secretions across the cell surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the nerve cells in Tay-Sachs disease due to the lack of a specific enzyme?

<p>They produce excessive ganglioside</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of proteasomes in the cell?

<p>Remove unneeded, damaged, or faulty proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle generates hydrogen peroxide and has an enzyme called catalase to protect the cell from the damaging effects of free radicals?

<p>Peroxisomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the principal function of the Golgi apparatus?

<p>Process, sort, and deliver proteins and lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle contains digestive enzymes for breaking down organic polymers?

<p>Lysosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of cytosol, also known as intracellular fluid?

<p>Mainly water, plus proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and inorganic substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic framework of the plasma membrane made up of?

<p>Phospholipids, cholesterol, and glycolipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the cell structure makes up 55 percent of the weight of the plasma membrane?

<p>Membrane proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of recognition proteins in the cell?

<p>Help cells recognize and respond to specific molecules in their environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of carrier proteins in the cell?

<p>Binds solutes and transports them across the plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure helps determine cell shape and function in intracellular transport of organelles?

<p>Cytoskeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

During cell division, which structure aids in the formation of the spindle apparatus needed for movement of chromosomes?

<p>Centrioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of microfilaments in a cell?

<p>Aid in movement and mechanical support</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of ribosomes in a cell?

<p>Responsible for protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of lysosomes within a cell?

<p>Destroy bacteria and cleanup inside the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

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