6 Questions
¿Cuál de los siguientes exámenes se utiliza para detectar tipos de virus del papiloma humano (VPH) que pueden causar cáncer cervical?
Prueba de VPH
¿Cuál es el nombre del procedimiento que implica la observación del cuello uterino con un microscopio?
Colposcopía
¿En qué etapa del cáncer cervical se han invaded la vagina pero no la pared pélvica?
Etapa II
¿Cuál es el nombre del tratamiento que implica la eliminación del útero, incluyendo el cuello uterino?
Histerectomía
¿Qué tipo de tratamiento utiliza medicamentos para estimular el sistema inmunológico para combatir las células cancerígenas?
Inmunoterapia
¿Cuál es el nombre del procedimiento que implica la toma de una muestra de tejido del cuello uterino para confirmar el diagnóstico de cáncer?
Biopsia
Study Notes
Diagnosis
- Pap smear: a screening test to detect abnormal cells in the cervix, recommended every 3 years for women between 21 and 65 years old
- HPV test: detects high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types that can cause cervical cancer, often used in conjunction with Pap smear
- Colposcopy: a procedure to examine the cervix with a microscope, performed if abnormal cells are detected in Pap smear or HPV test
- Biopsy: a tissue sample is taken from the cervix to confirm cancer diagnosis
- Imaging tests: CT, MRI, or PET scans may be used to determine the extent of cancer spread to other parts of the body
Stages
- Stage 0: carcinoma in situ, abnormal cells are confined to the surface of the cervix
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Stage I: cancer has invaded the cervix, but not beyond
- IA: cancer is microscopic and has not spread to lymph nodes or distant organs
- IB: cancer is visible and has not spread to lymph nodes or distant organs
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Stage II: cancer has spread to the upper part of the vagina, but not to the lower third of the vagina or the pelvic wall
- IIA: cancer has not spread to the parametrium (tissue near the cervix)
- IIB: cancer has spread to the parametrium
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Stage III: cancer has spread to the lower third of the vagina or the pelvic wall
- IIIA: cancer has spread to the lower third of the vagina
- IIIB: cancer has spread to the pelvic wall or has caused kidney problems
- Stage IV: cancer has spread to distant organs, such as the bladder, rectum, or lungs
Treatment Options
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Surgery
- Hysterectomy: removal of the uterus, including the cervix
- Radical hysterectomy: removal of the uterus, cervix, and surrounding tissues
- Trachelectomy: removal of the cervix, leaving the uterus intact
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Radiation therapy
- External beam radiation: high-energy rays are directed at the cervix from outside the body
- Internal radiation: a radioactive device is placed inside the vagina or cervix
- Chemotherapy: drugs are used to kill cancer cells, often used in combination with radiation therapy
- Targeted therapy: drugs are used to target specific cancer cells, often used in combination with chemotherapy
- Immunotherapy: drugs are used to stimulate the immune system to fight cancer cells
This quiz covers the diagnosis and treatment options for cervical cancer, including Pap smears, HPV tests, and different stages of the disease. Learn about the various surgical, radiation, and chemotherapy options available.
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