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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the primary motor cortex?
What is the primary function of the primary motor cortex?
Which structure is involved in the regulation of automatic functions such as breathing and heart rate?
Which structure is involved in the regulation of automatic functions such as breathing and heart rate?
What is the main function of the association cortex?
What is the main function of the association cortex?
Which structure is involved in the coordination and regulation of movement?
Which structure is involved in the coordination and regulation of movement?
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What is the primary function of the basal ganglia?
What is the primary function of the basal ganglia?
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Which part of the brain connects the cerebrum to the spinal cord?
Which part of the brain connects the cerebrum to the spinal cord?
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Study Notes
Cerebral Cortex
- Thicker in humans (2.5-3 mm) compared to other mammals
- Divided into four lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital
- Functional areas:
- Primary motor cortex: controls voluntary movements
- Primary sensory cortex: receives sensory information
- Association cortex: integrates sensory and motor information
- Prefrontal cortex: involved in executive functions (decision-making, planning)
Basal Ganglia
- Group of structures involved in movement control and cognition
- Components:
- Caudate nucleus
- Putamen
- Globus pallidus
- Subthalamic nucleus
- Substantia nigra
- Functions:
- Motor control: regulation of voluntary movements
- Cognition: attention, learning, and memory
- Movement disorders: Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease
Brainstem
- Connects cerebrum to spinal cord
- Divided into three parts:
- Midbrain
- Pons
- Medulla oblongata
- Functions:
- Controls automatic functions: breathing, heart rate, blood pressure
- Relays sensory information between cerebrum and spinal cord
- Regulates arousal and consciousness
Cerebellum
- Located at base of brain
- Divided into two hemispheres
- Functions:
- Coordination and regulation of movement
- Learning and memory of motor skills
- Balance and posture maintenance
- Integration of sensory information
Cerebral Cortex
- Human cerebral cortex is thicker (2.5-3 mm) compared to other mammals
- Divided into four lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital
- Functional areas include:
- Primary motor cortex, controlling voluntary movements
- Primary sensory cortex, receiving sensory information
- Association cortex, integrating sensory and motor information
- Prefrontal cortex, involved in executive functions like decision-making and planning
Basal Ganglia
- A group of structures involved in movement control and cognition
- Composed of:
- Caudate nucleus
- Putamen
- Globus pallidus
- Subthalamic nucleus
- Substantia nigra
- Functions include:
- Regulating voluntary movements
- Attention, learning, and memory
- Implicated in movement disorders like Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases
Brainstem
- Connects cerebrum to spinal cord
- Divided into:
- Midbrain
- Pons
- Medulla oblongata
- Functions include:
- Controlling automatic functions like breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure
- Relaying sensory information between cerebrum and spinal cord
- Regulating arousal and consciousness
Cerebellum
- Located at the base of the brain
- Divided into two hemispheres
- Functions include:
- Coordinating and regulating movement
- Learning and remembering motor skills
- Maintaining balance and posture
- Integrating sensory information
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Description
Learn about the structure and functions of the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia, including their roles in motor control, sensory processing, and executive functions.
