10 Questions
What is the main function of the mitochondria in a cell?
Generating energy for the cell
What type of transport involves the movement of substances from high to low concentration?
Passive transport
Which organelle is involved in protein synthesis and transport?
Endoplasmic reticulum
What is the process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells?
Cell division
During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align at the center of the cell?
Metaphase
What is the term for the movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane?
Osmosis
Which organelle contains genetic material?
Nucleus
What is the process by which substances are moved against their concentration gradient?
Active transport
During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate?
Anaphase
What is the site of protein synthesis?
Ribosomes
Study Notes
Cellular Structure
- A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life
- Components of a cell:
- Plasma membrane: semi-permeable membrane that separates the cell from its environment
- Cytoplasm: jelly-like substance inside the cell where metabolic processes occur
- Nucleus: contains genetic material (DNA)
- Mitochondria: responsible for generating energy for the cell
- Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): involved in protein synthesis and transport
- Ribosomes: site of protein synthesis
- Lysosomes: contain digestive enzymes and break down waste
Cellular Transport
- Movement of substances in and out of cells
- Types of transport:
- Passive transport:
- Diffusion: movement of substances from high to low concentration
- Osmosis: movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane
- Facilitated diffusion: assisted diffusion using transport proteins
- Active transport:
- Requires energy from the cell
- Movement of substances against their concentration gradient
- Examples: sodium-potassium pump, calcium pump
- Passive transport:
Cell Division
- Process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells
- Types of cell division:
- Mitosis: division of somatic cells (non-reproductive cells)
- Meiosis: division of reproductive cells (gametes)
- Phases of mitosis:
- Interphase: cell grows and prepares for division
- Prophase: chromatin condenses into chromosomes
- Metaphase: chromosomes align at the center of the cell
- Anaphase: sister chromatids separate
- Telophase: nuclear envelope reforms
- Cytokinesis: cytoplasm divides and cell splits
Blood Groups
- Classification of blood based on the presence or absence of specific antigens on the surface of red blood cells
- ABO blood group system:
- A antigen: present on red blood cells of individuals with A or AB blood type
- B antigen: present on red blood cells of individuals with B or AB blood type
- Rh blood group system:
- Rh+ (Rhesus positive): has Rh antigen on red blood cells
- Rh- (Rhesus negative): does not have Rh antigen on red blood cells
- Blood types:
- A: A antigen present, Rh+ or Rh-
- B: B antigen present, Rh+ or Rh-
- AB: both A and B antigens present, Rh+ or Rh-
- O: neither A nor B antigen present, Rh+ or Rh-
Cellular Structure
- A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life
- Components of a cell include:
- Plasma membrane: semi-permeable membrane separating the cell from its environment
- Cytoplasm: jelly-like substance inside the cell where metabolic processes occur
- Nucleus: contains genetic material (DNA)
- Mitochondria: responsible for generating energy for the cell
- Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): involved in protein synthesis and transport
- Ribosomes: site of protein synthesis
- Lysosomes: contain digestive enzymes and break down waste
Cellular Transport
- Movement of substances in and out of cells
- Types of transport include:
- Passive transport:
- Diffusion: movement of substances from high to low concentration
- Osmosis: movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane
- Facilitated diffusion: assisted diffusion using transport proteins
- Active transport:
- Requires energy from the cell
- Movement of substances against their concentration gradient
- Examples: sodium-potassium pump, calcium pump
Cell Division
- Process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells
- Types of cell division:
- Mitosis: division of somatic cells (non-reproductive cells)
- Meiosis: division of reproductive cells (gametes)
- Phases of mitosis:
- Interphase: cell grows and prepares for division
- Prophase: chromatin condenses into chromosomes
- Metaphase: chromosomes align at the center of the cell
- Anaphase: sister chromatids separate
- Telophase: nuclear envelope reforms
- Cytokinesis: cytoplasm divides and cell splits
Blood Groups
- Classification of blood based on the presence or absence of specific antigens on the surface of red blood cells
- ABO blood group system:
- A antigen: present on red blood cells of individuals with A or AB blood type
- B antigen: present on red blood cells of individuals with B or AB blood type
- Rh blood group system:
- Rh+ (Rhesus positive): has Rh antigen on red blood cells
- Rh- (Rhesus negative): does not have Rh antigen on red blood cells
- Blood types:
- A: A antigen present, Rh+ or Rh-
- B: B antigen present, Rh+ or Rh-
- AB: both A and B antigens present, Rh+ or Rh-
- O: neither A nor B antigen present, Rh+ or Rh-
Learn about the basic components of a cell, including the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and ribosomes, and their roles in cellular processes.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
