Cell Structure and Components

Study Notes

Cells

Cell Structure

Plasma membrane: Semi-permeable membrane that separates the cell from its environment
Cytoplasm: Jelly-like substance inside the cell where metabolic processes take place
Cytoskeleton: Network of filaments that provides structural support and shape to the cell
Nucleus: Membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA)
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for generating energy for the cell through cellular respiration
Ribosomes: Small organelles responsible for protein synthesis
Lysosomes: Membrane-bound sacs that contain digestive enzymes and help break down waste
Golgi apparatus: Complex of flattened sacs and tubes that process and modify proteins and lipids

Cell Functions

Metabolism: Conversion of energy and nutrients into ATP
Growth and Development: Increase in cell size and number, leading to tissue and organ formation
Response to Stimuli: Ability of cells to respond to changes in their environment
Reproduction: Process by which cells divide to produce more cells
Transportation: Movement of molecules in and out of the cell through various transport mechanisms

Cell Types

Prokaryotic cells: Lack a true nucleus, typically found in bacteria
Eukaryotic cells: Possess a true nucleus, found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists
Stem cells: Undifferentiated cells that can differentiate into various cell types
Specialized cells: Cells that have unique structures and functions, such as nerve cells or muscle cells

Cell Structure

Plasma membrane is semi-permeable, separating the cell from its environment
Cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance where metabolic processes occur
Cytoskeleton provides structural support and shape to the cell through a network of filaments
Nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle containing the cell's genetic material (DNA)
Mitochondria generate energy for the cell through cellular respiration
Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis
Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down waste
Golgi apparatus processes and modifies proteins and lipids through a complex of flattened sacs and tubes

Cell Functions

Metabolism involves the conversion of energy and nutrients into ATP
Growth and development involve an increase in cell size and number, leading to tissue and organ formation
Cells respond to stimuli through changes in their environment
Cell reproduction involves the process of cell division to produce more cells
Transportation occurs through various mechanisms that move molecules in and out of the cell

Cell Types

Prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus and are typically found in bacteria
Eukaryotic cells possess a true nucleus and are found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can differentiate into various cell types
Specialized cells have unique structures and functions, such as nerve cells or muscle cells

Description

This quiz covers the different components of a cell, including the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, nucleus, and mitochondria. Learn about the functions and characteristics of each cell structure.