Cell Biology Quiz

Cell

Cell Membrane

• Also known as the plasma membrane
• Semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cell
• Controls what enters and leaves the cell
• Composed of phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins

Cell Organelles and Their Functions

• Nucleus: contains DNA, controls cell growth and reproduction
• Mitochondria: generates energy for the cell through cellular respiration
• Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): transports proteins and lipids, involved in protein synthesis
• Ribosomes: site of protein synthesis
• Lysosomes: contains digestive enzymes, breaks down and recycles cellular waste
• Golgi Apparatus: processes and modifies proteins and lipids
• Cytoskeleton: provides structural support and shape to the cell
• Peroxisomes: involved in breaking down fatty acids and amino acids

Cell Division

• Mitosis: process of cell division that results in two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
  • Interphase: cell grows and prepares for division
  • Prophase: chromosomes condense and nuclear envelope breaks down
  • Metaphase: chromosomes line up at the center of the cell
  • Anaphase: sister chromatids separate
  • Telophase: nuclear envelope reforms
  • Cytokinesis: cytoplasm divides
• Meiosis: process of cell division that results in four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell
  • Occurs in reproductive cells (gametes)

Types of Cells in the Human Body

• Epithelial cells: forms the lining of organs and glands
• Connective tissue cells: provides support and structure to the body
• Muscle cells: responsible for movement and contraction
• Nerve cells: responsible for transmitting and processing information

Contributions to Cell History

• Antonie van Leeuwenhoek: considered the "Father of Microbiology" for his discovery of microorganisms
• Matthias Jakob Schleiden: discovered the nucleus and developed the cell theory
• Theodor Schwann: discovered the cellular structure of animals and developed the cell theory
• Rudolf Virchow: discovered the concept of cellular pathology and developed the cell theory

Cell Structure

• Cell membrane is semi-permeable, surrounds the cell, and controls what enters and leaves the cell
• Cell membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins

Cell Organelles

• Nucleus contains DNA and controls cell growth and reproduction
• Mitochondria generates energy for the cell through cellular respiration
• Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) transports proteins and lipids and is involved in protein synthesis
• Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis
• Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes and break down and recycle cellular waste
• Golgi Apparatus processes and modifies proteins and lipids
• Cytoskeleton provides structural support and shape to the cell
• Peroxisomes are involved in breaking down fatty acids and amino acids

Cell Division

• Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
• Mitosis consists of interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis
• Meiosis is the process of cell division that results in four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell
• Meiosis occurs in reproductive cells (gametes)

Cell Types

• Epithelial cells form the lining of organs and glands
• Connective tissue cells provide support and structure to the body
• Muscle cells are responsible for movement and contraction
• Nerve cells are responsible for transmitting and processing information

Contributions to Cell History

• Antonie van Leeuwenhoek is considered the "Father of Microbiology" for his discovery of microorganisms
• Matthias Jakob Schleiden discovered the nucleus and developed the cell theory
• Theodor Schwann discovered the cellular structure of animals and developed the cell theory
• Rudolf Virchow discovered the concept of cellular pathology and developed the cell theory