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Questions and Answers
What is the function of the cell membrane?
What is the primary function of the mitochondria?
What is the process of cell division that results in four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell?
What is the function of the lysosomes?
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What is the process of cell division that results in two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell?
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What is the function of the golgi apparatus?
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What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
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What is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins?
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Study Notes
Cell
Cell Membrane
- Also known as the plasma membrane
- Semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cell
- Controls what enters and leaves the cell
- Composed of phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
Cell Organelles and Their Functions
- Nucleus: contains DNA, controls cell growth and reproduction
- Mitochondria: generates energy for the cell through cellular respiration
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): transports proteins and lipids, involved in protein synthesis
- Ribosomes: site of protein synthesis
- Lysosomes: contains digestive enzymes, breaks down and recycles cellular waste
- Golgi Apparatus: processes and modifies proteins and lipids
- Cytoskeleton: provides structural support and shape to the cell
- Peroxisomes: involved in breaking down fatty acids and amino acids
Cell Division
-
Mitosis: process of cell division that results in two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
- Interphase: cell grows and prepares for division
- Prophase: chromosomes condense and nuclear envelope breaks down
- Metaphase: chromosomes line up at the center of the cell
- Anaphase: sister chromatids separate
- Telophase: nuclear envelope reforms
- Cytokinesis: cytoplasm divides
-
Meiosis: process of cell division that results in four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell
- Occurs in reproductive cells (gametes)
Types of Cells in the Human Body
- Epithelial cells: forms the lining of organs and glands
- Connective tissue cells: provides support and structure to the body
- Muscle cells: responsible for movement and contraction
- Nerve cells: responsible for transmitting and processing information
Contributions to Cell History
- Antonie van Leeuwenhoek: considered the "Father of Microbiology" for his discovery of microorganisms
- Matthias Jakob Schleiden: discovered the nucleus and developed the cell theory
- Theodor Schwann: discovered the cellular structure of animals and developed the cell theory
- Rudolf Virchow: discovered the concept of cellular pathology and developed the cell theory
Cell Structure
- Cell membrane is semi-permeable, surrounds the cell, and controls what enters and leaves the cell
- Cell membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
Cell Organelles
- Nucleus contains DNA and controls cell growth and reproduction
- Mitochondria generates energy for the cell through cellular respiration
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) transports proteins and lipids and is involved in protein synthesis
- Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis
- Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes and break down and recycle cellular waste
- Golgi Apparatus processes and modifies proteins and lipids
- Cytoskeleton provides structural support and shape to the cell
- Peroxisomes are involved in breaking down fatty acids and amino acids
Cell Division
- Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
- Mitosis consists of interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis
- Meiosis is the process of cell division that results in four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell
- Meiosis occurs in reproductive cells (gametes)
Cell Types
- Epithelial cells form the lining of organs and glands
- Connective tissue cells provide support and structure to the body
- Muscle cells are responsible for movement and contraction
- Nerve cells are responsible for transmitting and processing information
Contributions to Cell History
- Antonie van Leeuwenhoek is considered the "Father of Microbiology" for his discovery of microorganisms
- Matthias Jakob Schleiden discovered the nucleus and developed the cell theory
- Theodor Schwann discovered the cellular structure of animals and developed the cell theory
- Rudolf Virchow discovered the concept of cellular pathology and developed the cell theory
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Description
Test your knowledge of cell structure and functions, including the cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum.
