Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the function of the protein kinase encoded by the Raf gene in cellular signaling?
What is the function of the protein kinase encoded by the Raf gene in cellular signaling?
What is the primary function of RecA in DNA metabolism?
What is the primary function of RecA in DNA metabolism?
Which of the following is a function of the ribosome?
Which of the following is a function of the ribosome?
Which term describes a membrane-spanning tyrosine kinase that is a receptor for extracellular ligands?
Which term describes a membrane-spanning tyrosine kinase that is a receptor for extracellular ligands?
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What is the role of RNA polymerase in gene expression?
What is the role of RNA polymerase in gene expression?
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Which of the following describes a protein that recognizes stop codons and terminates translation of mRNA?
Which of the following describes a protein that recognizes stop codons and terminates translation of mRNA?
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In muscle cells, what is the contractile unit composed of interacting myosin and actin filaments called?
In muscle cells, what is the contractile unit composed of interacting myosin and actin filaments called?
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What is the function of telomerase in cells?
What is the function of telomerase in cells?
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Which term refers to a polymer of ribonucleotides?
Which term refers to a polymer of ribonucleotides?
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What is the main function of the secretory vesicle in eukaryotic cells?
What is the main function of the secretory vesicle in eukaryotic cells?
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Which of the following is an early stage of evolution based on self-replicating RNA molecules?
Which of the following is an early stage of evolution based on self-replicating RNA molecules?
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What is the term for a type of cancer that originates from cells of connective tissue?
What is the term for a type of cancer that originates from cells of connective tissue?
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Which enzyme cleaves DNA at a specific sequence?
Which enzyme cleaves DNA at a specific sequence?
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The abbreviation "UTR" in 5' untranslated region (UTR) and 3' untranslated region (UTR) stands for:
The abbreviation "UTR" in 5' untranslated region (UTR) and 3' untranslated region (UTR) stands for:
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In plant cells, what does the vacuole primarily function to store?
In plant cells, what does the vacuole primarily function to store?
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What is the main function of the Toll-like receptor in cellular signaling?
What is the main function of the Toll-like receptor in cellular signaling?
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Which of the following describes a protein that mediates the association of actin filaments with integrins at focal adhesions?
Which of the following describes a protein that mediates the association of actin filaments with integrins at focal adhesions?
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What is the name of the complex that catalyzes the splicing of pre-mRNAs?
What is the name of the complex that catalyzes the splicing of pre-mRNAs?
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Which molecule is a member of a group of hydrophobic hormones, including estrogen and testosterone, that are derivatives of cholesterol?
Which molecule is a member of a group of hydrophobic hormones, including estrogen and testosterone, that are derivatives of cholesterol?
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What is the process of DNA replication in which the two parental strands separate and serve as templates for the synthesis of new progeny strands called?
What is the process of DNA replication in which the two parental strands separate and serve as templates for the synthesis of new progeny strands called?
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Which term describes a large complex containing clustered sites of DNA replication in eukaryotic cells?
Which term describes a large complex containing clustered sites of DNA replication in eukaryotic cells?
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What is the primary function of RecA in DNA metabolism?
What is the primary function of RecA in DNA metabolism?
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Which of the following is responsible for the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template?
Which of the following is responsible for the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template?
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What is the primary function of telomerase in cells?
What is the primary function of telomerase in cells?
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Which molecule is a member of a group of hydrophobic hormones, including estrogen and testosterone, that are derivatives of cholesterol?
Which molecule is a member of a group of hydrophobic hormones, including estrogen and testosterone, that are derivatives of cholesterol?
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What is the main function of the secretory vesicle in eukaryotic cells?
What is the main function of the secretory vesicle in eukaryotic cells?
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What is the term for a large complex containing clustered sites of DNA replication in eukaryotic cells?
What is the term for a large complex containing clustered sites of DNA replication in eukaryotic cells?
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Which term describes the ability of a microscope to distinguish objects separated by small distances?
Which term describes the ability of a microscope to distinguish objects separated by small distances?
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What is the primary function of the Ran protein in cellular processes?
What is the primary function of the Ran protein in cellular processes?
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What is the primary role of the ribosome in cellular processes
What is the primary role of the ribosome in cellular processes
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In cellular signaling, what is the primary function of receptor tyrosine kinases?
In cellular signaling, what is the primary function of receptor tyrosine kinases?
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What is the term for the synthesis of DNA from an RNA template?
What is the term for the synthesis of DNA from an RNA template?
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Which enzyme is responsible for cleaving the 5′ end of pre-tRNAs?
Which enzyme is responsible for cleaving the 5′ end of pre-tRNAs?
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What is the primary role of a spliceosome in gene expression?
What is the primary role of a spliceosome in gene expression?
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Which of the following is a regulatory molecule that blocks transcription?
Which of the following is a regulatory molecule that blocks transcription?
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What is the primary function of the release factor in translation?
What is the primary function of the release factor in translation?
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Which enzyme is responsible for degrading the RNA strand of RNA-DNA hybrid molecules?
Which enzyme is responsible for degrading the RNA strand of RNA-DNA hybrid molecules?
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In animal cell cycles, what is the regulatory point that occurs late in G1, after which a cell is committed to entering S and undergoing one cell division cycle?
In animal cell cycles, what is the regulatory point that occurs late in G1, after which a cell is committed to entering S and undergoing one cell division cycle?
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What is the primary role of a retrotransposon in the genome?
What is the primary role of a retrotransposon in the genome?
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Which of the following describes a virus that replicates by making a DNA copy of its RNA genome by reverse transcription?
Which of the following describes a virus that replicates by making a DNA copy of its RNA genome by reverse transcription?
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Which of the following is a polymer of ribonucleotides?
Which of the following is a polymer of ribonucleotides?
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What is the primary function of Smad proteins in cellular processes?
What is the primary function of Smad proteins in cellular processes?
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Which of the following is a type of cell adhesion molecule that recognizes oligosaccharides exposed on the cell surface?
Which of the following is a type of cell adhesion molecule that recognizes oligosaccharides exposed on the cell surface?
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What is the primary function of a scaffold protein in cellular processes?
What is the primary function of a scaffold protein in cellular processes?
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What is the term for the process of introducing a foreign gene into eukaryotic cells?
What is the term for the process of introducing a foreign gene into eukaryotic cells?
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What is the primary function of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in bacterial mRNA?
What is the primary function of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in bacterial mRNA?
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What is the term for the process of synthesizing telomeric repeat sequences at the ends of chromosomes from its own RNA template?
What is the term for the process of synthesizing telomeric repeat sequences at the ends of chromosomes from its own RNA template?
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Which of the following is a type of hydrophobic hormone, including estrogen and testosterone, that are derivatives of cholesterol?
Which of the following is a type of hydrophobic hormone, including estrogen and testosterone, that are derivatives of cholesterol?
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In muscle cells, what is the contractile unit composed of interacting myosin and actin filaments?
In muscle cells, what is the contractile unit composed of interacting myosin and actin filaments?
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Which of the following is a signaling molecule synthesized from vitamin A?
Which of the following is a signaling molecule synthesized from vitamin A?
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What is the primary function of the Ran protein in cellular processes?
What is the primary function of the Ran protein in cellular processes?
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In cellular signaling, what is the primary function of receptor tyrosine kinases?
In cellular signaling, what is the primary function of receptor tyrosine kinases?
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What is the term for the synthesis of DNA from an RNA template?
What is the term for the synthesis of DNA from an RNA template?
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Which enzyme is responsible for cleaving the 5′ end of pre-tRNAs?
Which enzyme is responsible for cleaving the 5′ end of pre-tRNAs?
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What is the primary role of a spliceosome in gene expression?
What is the primary role of a spliceosome in gene expression?
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Which of the following is a regulatory molecule that blocks transcription?
Which of the following is a regulatory molecule that blocks transcription?
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What is the primary function of the release factor in translation?
What is the primary function of the release factor in translation?
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Which enzyme is responsible for degrading the RNA strand of RNA-DNA hybrid molecules?
Which enzyme is responsible for degrading the RNA strand of RNA-DNA hybrid molecules?
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In animal cell cycles, what is the regulatory point that occurs late in G1, after which a cell is committed to entering S and undergoing one cell division cycle?
In animal cell cycles, what is the regulatory point that occurs late in G1, after which a cell is committed to entering S and undergoing one cell division cycle?
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What is the primary role of a retrotransposon in the genome?
What is the primary role of a retrotransposon in the genome?
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Which of the following is a virus that replicates by making a DNA copy of its RNA genome by reverse transcription?
Which of the following is a virus that replicates by making a DNA copy of its RNA genome by reverse transcription?
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What is the term for an RNA molecule that functions as an enzyme?
What is the term for an RNA molecule that functions as an enzyme?
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Which of the following is a complex containing clustered sites of DNA replication in eukaryotic cells?
Which of the following is a complex containing clustered sites of DNA replication in eukaryotic cells?
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In the context of muscle contraction, what is the model that explains contraction as a result of the sliding of actin and myosin filaments relative to each other?
In the context of muscle contraction, what is the model that explains contraction as a result of the sliding of actin and myosin filaments relative to each other?
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What is the term for a repeat of simple-sequence DNA that maintains the ends of linear chromosomes?
What is the term for a repeat of simple-sequence DNA that maintains the ends of linear chromosomes?
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Which of the following is a protein translocation complex of the mitochondrial inner membrane?
Which of the following is a protein translocation complex of the mitochondrial inner membrane?
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What is the primary function of Shine-Dalgarno sequence in bacterial mRNA?
What is the primary function of Shine-Dalgarno sequence in bacterial mRNA?
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Which of the following is a short noncoding double-strand RNA molecule that acts in the RNA interference pathway?
Which of the following is a short noncoding double-strand RNA molecule that acts in the RNA interference pathway?
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In a cell, what is the term for the interconnected network formed by the interactions of multiple signaling pathways?
In a cell, what is the term for the interconnected network formed by the interactions of multiple signaling pathways?
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What is the term for a continuous network of protein strands around the circumference of epithelial cells, sealing the space between cells and forming a barrier?
What is the term for a continuous network of protein strands around the circumference of epithelial cells, sealing the space between cells and forming a barrier?
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Which of the following is a major actin-binding protein of the cell cortex?
Which of the following is a major actin-binding protein of the cell cortex?
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What is the term for a polymer of glucose residues that is the principal storage form of carbohydrates in plants? What is the term for a polymer of glucose residues that is the principal storage form of carbohydrates in plants?
What is the term for a polymer of glucose residues that is the principal storage form of carbohydrates in plants? What is the term for a polymer of glucose residues that is the principal storage form of carbohydrates in plants?
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In the context of gene expression, what is the term for the process of synthesizing an RNA molecule from a DNA template?
In the context of gene expression, what is the term for the process of synthesizing an RNA molecule from a DNA template?
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What is the term for a protein kinase that phosphorylates serine and threonine residues?
What is the term for a protein kinase that phosphorylates serine and threonine residues?
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In the context of cell cycle regulation, what is the term for the regulatory DNA sequence found in the promoters of many eukaryotic genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II?
In the context of cell cycle regulation, what is the term for the regulatory DNA sequence found in the promoters of many eukaryotic genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II?
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Which of the following is a basal transcription factor that binds directly to the TATA box in eukaryotic gene promoters?
Which of the following is a basal transcription factor that binds directly to the TATA box in eukaryotic gene promoters?
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What is the term for the process of reversible breakage and rejoining of DNA strands catalyzed by an enzyme?
What is the term for the process of reversible breakage and rejoining of DNA strands catalyzed by an enzyme?
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Which of the following is an RNA molecule ranging in size from 50 to 200 bases, found in the nucleus and involved in various cellular processes?
Which of the following is an RNA molecule ranging in size from 50 to 200 bases, found in the nucleus and involved in various cellular processes?
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What is the term for a transmembrane protein that mediates fusion of vesicle and target membranes?
What is the term for a transmembrane protein that mediates fusion of vesicle and target membranes?
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In animal cloning, what is the basic procedure where the nucleus of an adult somatic cell is transferred to an enucleated egg?
In animal cloning, what is the basic procedure where the nucleus of an adult somatic cell is transferred to an enucleated egg?
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Which of the following is the term for the final phase of mitosis when the nuclei re-form and chromosomes decondense?
Which of the following is the term for the final phase of mitosis when the nuclei re-form and chromosomes decondense?
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What is the term for a repeat of simple-sequence DNA that maintains the ends of linear chromosomes?
What is the term for a repeat of simple-sequence DNA that maintains the ends of linear chromosomes?
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Which of the following is a protein translocation complex of the mitochondrial outer membrane?
Which of the following is a protein translocation complex of the mitochondrial outer membrane?
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In the context of cell signaling, what is the term for a member of a family of receptors that recognize a variety of molecules associated with pathogenic bacteria and viruses?
In the context of cell signaling, what is the term for a member of a family of receptors that recognize a variety of molecules associated with pathogenic bacteria and viruses?
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What is the term for a particle composed of proteins and RNA that binds to signal sequences and targets polypeptide chains to the endoplasmic reticulum?
What is the term for a particle composed of proteins and RNA that binds to signal sequences and targets polypeptide chains to the endoplasmic reticulum?
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In the context of protein synthesis, what is the term for a hydrophobic sequence at the amino terminus of a polypeptide chain that targets it for secretion in bacteria or incorporation into the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotic cells?
In the context of protein synthesis, what is the term for a hydrophobic sequence at the amino terminus of a polypeptide chain that targets it for secretion in bacteria or incorporation into the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotic cells?
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What is the term for a DNA polymerase that uses an RNA template?
What is the term for a DNA polymerase that uses an RNA template?
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In the context of DNA repair, what is the term for the repair of damaged DNA by recombination with an undamaged homologous DNA molecule?
In the context of DNA repair, what is the term for the repair of damaged DNA by recombination with an undamaged homologous DNA molecule?
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Which of the following is a large complex containing clustered sites of DNA replication in eukaryotic cells?
Which of the following is a large complex containing clustered sites of DNA replication in eukaryotic cells?
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What is the term for the region of DNA synthesis where the parental strands separate, and two new daughter strands elongate?
What is the term for the region of DNA synthesis where the parental strands separate, and two new daughter strands elongate?
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In gene regulation, what is the term for a regulatory molecule that blocks transcription?
In gene regulation, what is the term for a regulatory molecule that blocks transcription?
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What is the term for the use of nuclear transfer to create a cloned organism?
What is the term for the use of nuclear transfer to create a cloned organism?
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In microscopy, what is the term for the ability of a microscope to distinguish objects separated by small distances?
In microscopy, what is the term for the ability of a microscope to distinguish objects separated by small distances?
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Which of the following is an enzyme that cleaves DNA at a specific sequence?
Which of the following is an enzyme that cleaves DNA at a specific sequence?
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In animal cell cycles, what is the term for the regulatory point that occurs late in G1 and commits a cell to entering S and undergoing one cell division cycle?
In animal cell cycles, what is the term for the regulatory point that occurs late in G1 and commits a cell to entering S and undergoing one cell division cycle?
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What is the term for a signaling molecule synthesized from vitamin A?
What is the term for a signaling molecule synthesized from vitamin A?
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In the context of molecular biology, what is the term for a molecule related to retinoic acid?
In the context of molecular biology, what is the term for a molecule related to retinoic acid?
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What is the term for the movement of a transposable element via reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate?
What is the term for the movement of a transposable element via reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate?
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Which of the following is a virus that replicates by making a DNA copy of its RNA genome by reverse transcription?
Which of the following is a virus that replicates by making a DNA copy of its RNA genome by reverse transcription?
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What is the term for a retrotransposon that is structurally similar to a retrovirus?
What is the term for a retrotransposon that is structurally similar to a retrovirus?
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In the context of DNA replication, what is the term for a DNA polymerase that uses an RNA template?
In the context of DNA replication, what is the term for a DNA polymerase that uses an RNA template?
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What is the term for the synthesis of DNA from an RNA template?
What is the term for the synthesis of DNA from an RNA template?
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Which of the following is a family of small GTP-binding proteins involved in the regulation of the cytoskeleton?
Which of the following is a family of small GTP-binding proteins involved in the regulation of the cytoskeleton?
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What is the term for the RNA component of ribosomes?
What is the term for the RNA component of ribosomes?
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In molecular biology, what is the term for an RNA enzyme?
In molecular biology, what is the term for an RNA enzyme?
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Which of the following refers to the degradation of mRNAs by short complementary double-stranded RNA molecules?
Which of the following refers to the degradation of mRNAs by short complementary double-stranded RNA molecules?
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What is the term for the enzyme that recognizes stop codons and terminates translation of mRNA?
What is the term for the enzyme that recognizes stop codons and terminates translation of mRNA?
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In eukaryotic cells, what is the term for the specialized network of membranes in muscle cells that stores a high concentration of Ca2+?
In eukaryotic cells, what is the term for the specialized network of membranes in muscle cells that stores a high concentration of Ca2+?
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What is the term for simple-sequence repetitive DNA with a buoyant density differing from the bulk of genomic DNA?
What is the term for simple-sequence repetitive DNA with a buoyant density differing from the bulk of genomic DNA?
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In the context of cell signaling, what is the term for a protein that binds to components of signaling pathways, leading to their organization in specific signaling cassettes?
In the context of cell signaling, what is the term for a protein that binds to components of signaling pathways, leading to their organization in specific signaling cassettes?
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What is the term for a type of cell adhesion molecule that recognizes oligosaccharides exposed on the cell surface?
What is the term for a type of cell adhesion molecule that recognizes oligosaccharides exposed on the cell surface?
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In RNA processing, what is the term for the ability of some RNAs to catalyze the removal of their own introns?
In RNA processing, what is the term for the ability of some RNAs to catalyze the removal of their own introns?
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What is the term for the process of DNA replication in which the two parental strands separate and serve as templates for the synthesis of new progeny strands?
What is the term for the process of DNA replication in which the two parental strands separate and serve as templates for the synthesis of new progeny strands?
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Which of the following is a hydrophobic sequence at the amino terminus of a polypeptide chain that targets it for secretion in bacteria or incorporation into the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotic cells?
Which of the following is a hydrophobic sequence at the amino terminus of a polypeptide chain that targets it for secretion in bacteria or incorporation into the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotic cells?
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What is the term for a chain of reactions that transmits chemical signals from the cell surface to their intracellular targets?
What is the term for a chain of reactions that transmits chemical signals from the cell surface to their intracellular targets?
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Which of the following is a type of actin-binding protein that mediates the association of actin filaments with integrins at focal adhesions?
Which of the following is a type of actin-binding protein that mediates the association of actin filaments with integrins at focal adhesions?
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In mass spectrometry, what is the term for a method in which sequential analyses by mass spectrometry are used to determine the amino acid sequence of a peptide?
In mass spectrometry, what is the term for a method in which sequential analyses by mass spectrometry are used to determine the amino acid sequence of a peptide?
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What is the term for a regulatory DNA sequence found in the promoters of many eukaryotic genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II?
What is the term for a regulatory DNA sequence found in the promoters of many eukaryotic genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II?
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Which of the following is a basal transcription factor that binds directly to the TATA box in eukaryotic gene promoters?
Which of the following is a basal transcription factor that binds directly to the TATA box in eukaryotic gene promoters?
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What is the term for the reverse transcriptase that synthesizes telomeric repeat sequences at the ends of chromosomes from its own RNA template?
What is the term for the reverse transcriptase that synthesizes telomeric repeat sequences at the ends of chromosomes from its own RNA template?
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In the context of mitosis, what is the term for the final phase during which the nuclei re-form and chromosomes decondense?
In the context of mitosis, what is the term for the final phase during which the nuclei re-form and chromosomes decondense?
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What is the term for the three-dimensional folding of a polypeptide chain that gives the protein its functional form?
What is the term for the three-dimensional folding of a polypeptide chain that gives the protein its functional form?
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Which of the following is a type of chemical bond in which atoms share a single pair of electrons?
Which of the following is a type of chemical bond in which atoms share a single pair of electrons?
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What is the term for a protein that stabilizes unwound DNA by binding to single-stranded regions?
What is the term for a protein that stabilizes unwound DNA by binding to single-stranded regions?
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In genetics, what is the term for the introduction of multiple mutations within rearranged immunoglobulin variable regions to increase antibody diversity?
In genetics, what is the term for the introduction of multiple mutations within rearranged immunoglobulin variable regions to increase antibody diversity?
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Which of the following methods is commonly used to separate proteins by gel electrophoresis on the basis of size?
Which of the following methods is commonly used to separate proteins by gel electrophoresis on the basis of size?
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What is the term for the Golgi compartment within which proteins are sorted and packaged to exit the Golgi apparatus?
What is the term for the Golgi compartment within which proteins are sorted and packaged to exit the Golgi apparatus?
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Which of the following is a large membrane-enclosed sac in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, often responsible for storing nutrients and waste products?
Which of the following is a large membrane-enclosed sac in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, often responsible for storing nutrients and waste products?
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What is the term for a highly conserved protein that acts as a marker to target other cellular proteins for rapid degradation?
What is the term for a highly conserved protein that acts as a marker to target other cellular proteins for rapid degradation?
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In the context of muscle contraction, what is the term for the contractile unit of muscle cells composed of interacting myosin and actin filaments?
In the context of muscle contraction, what is the term for the contractile unit of muscle cells composed of interacting myosin and actin filaments?
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What is the term for a network of protein strands around the circumference of epithelial cells, sealing the space between cells and forming a barrier between the apical and basolateral domains?
What is the term for a network of protein strands around the circumference of epithelial cells, sealing the space between cells and forming a barrier between the apical and basolateral domains?
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In RNA processing, what is the term for a small RNA present in the nucleolus that functions in pre-rRNA processing?
In RNA processing, what is the term for a small RNA present in the nucleolus that functions in pre-rRNA processing?
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Which of the following is a phospholipid consisting of two hydrocarbon chains bound to a polar head group containing serine?
Which of the following is a phospholipid consisting of two hydrocarbon chains bound to a polar head group containing serine?
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What is the term for a type of cell adhesion molecule that plays a role in cell-cell adhesion by recognizing homophilic interactions between cadherins?
What is the term for a type of cell adhesion molecule that plays a role in cell-cell adhesion by recognizing homophilic interactions between cadherins?
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In cell biology, what is the term for the movement of secreted proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus and then, within secretory vesicles, to the cell surface?
In cell biology, what is the term for the movement of secreted proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus and then, within secretory vesicles, to the cell surface?
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Which of the following is a member of a family of transcription factors activated by TGF-β receptors?
Which of the following is a member of a family of transcription factors activated by TGF-β receptors?
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What is the term for a specialized microvillus of auditory hair cells?
What is the term for a specialized microvillus of auditory hair cells?
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In genetics, what is the term for the process of introducing multiple mutations within rearranged immunoglobulin variable regions to increase antibody diversity?
In genetics, what is the term for the process of introducing multiple mutations within rearranged immunoglobulin variable regions to increase antibody diversity?
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Which of the following methods is used to determine the amino acid sequence of a peptide by sequential analyses in mass spectrometry?
Which of the following methods is used to determine the amino acid sequence of a peptide by sequential analyses in mass spectrometry?
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What is the term for a protein that mediates the association of actin filaments with integrins at focal adhesions?
What is the term for a protein that mediates the association of actin filaments with integrins at focal adhesions?
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In RNA processing, what is the term for the sequence at the 5′ end of mRNA that correctly aligns bacterial mRNAs on ribosomes?
In RNA processing, what is the term for the sequence at the 5′ end of mRNA that correctly aligns bacterial mRNAs on ribosomes?
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What is the term for a short noncoding double-strand RNA that acts in the RNA interference pathway to degrade specific mRNAs?
What is the term for a short noncoding double-strand RNA that acts in the RNA interference pathway to degrade specific mRNAs?
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In the context of cell adhesion, what is the term for a type of cell adhesion molecule that recognizes oligosaccharides exposed on the cell surface?
In the context of cell adhesion, what is the term for a type of cell adhesion molecule that recognizes oligosaccharides exposed on the cell surface?
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What is the term for a particle composed of proteins and RNA that binds to signal sequences and targets polypeptide chains to the endoplasmic reticulum?
What is the term for a particle composed of proteins and RNA that binds to signal sequences and targets polypeptide chains to the endoplasmic reticulum?
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In DNA replication, what is the term for the process in which the two parental DNA strands separate and serve as templates for the synthesis of new daughter strands?
In DNA replication, what is the term for the process in which the two parental DNA strands separate and serve as templates for the synthesis of new daughter strands?
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What is the term for the ability of a microscope to distinguish objects separated by small distances?
What is the term for the ability of a microscope to distinguish objects separated by small distances?
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In DNA repair, what is the term for the repair of damaged DNA by recombination with an undamaged homologous DNA molecule?
In DNA repair, what is the term for the repair of damaged DNA by recombination with an undamaged homologous DNA molecule?
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What is the term for a regulatory molecule that blocks transcription?
What is the term for a regulatory molecule that blocks transcription?
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In the context of the cell cycle, what is the term for a regulatory point in animal cell cycles that occurs late in G1, after which a cell is committed to entering S and undergoing one cell division cycle?
In the context of the cell cycle, what is the term for a regulatory point in animal cell cycles that occurs late in G1, after which a cell is committed to entering S and undergoing one cell division cycle?
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What is the term for a DNA insert joined to a vector in genetic engineering?
What is the term for a DNA insert joined to a vector in genetic engineering?
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In molecular biology, what is the term for synthesis of DNA from an RNA template?
In molecular biology, what is the term for synthesis of DNA from an RNA template?
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What is the term for a virus that replicates by making a DNA copy of its RNA genome via reverse transcription?
What is the term for a virus that replicates by making a DNA copy of its RNA genome via reverse transcription?
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In DNA repair, what is the term for a DNA polymerase that uses an RNA template to synthesize DNA?
In DNA repair, what is the term for a DNA polymerase that uses an RNA template to synthesize DNA?
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What is the term for a transposable element that moves via reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate?
What is the term for a transposable element that moves via reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate?
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In the context of signal transduction, what is the term for a compound whose metabolism is modified as a result of a ligand-receptor interaction and functions as a signal transducer by regulating other intracellular processes?
In the context of signal transduction, what is the term for a compound whose metabolism is modified as a result of a ligand-receptor interaction and functions as a signal transducer by regulating other intracellular processes?
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What is the term for a family of small GTP-binding proteins involved in the regulation of the cytoskeleton?
What is the term for a family of small GTP-binding proteins involved in the regulation of the cytoskeleton?
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In genetics, what is the term for a member of a class of repeated DNA sequences consisting of tandem arrays of thousands of copies of short sequences?
In genetics, what is the term for a member of a class of repeated DNA sequences consisting of tandem arrays of thousands of copies of short sequences?
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What is the term for a polymer of ribonucleotides in molecular biology?
What is the term for a polymer of ribonucleotides in molecular biology?
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What is the term for a polymer of ribonucleotides that serves as the RNA component of ribosomes?
What is the term for a polymer of ribonucleotides that serves as the RNA component of ribosomes?
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What is the term for a particle composed of RNA and proteins that is the site of protein synthesis?
What is the term for a particle composed of RNA and proteins that is the site of protein synthesis?
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In RNA processing, what is the term for an RNA enzyme?
In RNA processing, what is the term for an RNA enzyme?
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What is the term for the joining of exons in a precursor RNA molecule?
What is the term for the joining of exons in a precursor RNA molecule?
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What is the term for an enzyme that degrades the RNA strand of RNA-DNA hybrid molecules?
What is the term for an enzyme that degrades the RNA strand of RNA-DNA hybrid molecules?
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In RNA processing, what is the term for a ribozyme that cleaves the 5′ end of pre-tRNAs?
In RNA processing, what is the term for a ribozyme that cleaves the 5′ end of pre-tRNAs?
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What is the term for an early stage of evolution based on self-replicating RNA molecules?
What is the term for an early stage of evolution based on self-replicating RNA molecules?
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In the endoplasmic reticulum, what is the term for the region that is covered with ribosomes and involved in protein metabolism?
In the endoplasmic reticulum, what is the term for the region that is covered with ribosomes and involved in protein metabolism?
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What is the term for a type of chemical bond in which atoms share a single pair of electrons?
What is the term for a type of chemical bond in which atoms share a single pair of electrons?
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In genetics, what is the term for a polymer of ribonucleotides ranging in size from 50 to 200 bases?
In genetics, what is the term for a polymer of ribonucleotides ranging in size from 50 to 200 bases?
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What is the term for a nuclear RNA component of ribosomes?
What is the term for a nuclear RNA component of ribosomes?
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What is the term for a member of a family of transcription factors activated by TGF-β receptors?
What is the term for a member of a family of transcription factors activated by TGF-β receptors?
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What is the term for the introduction of multiple mutations within rearranged immunoglobulin variable regions to increase antibody diversity?
What is the term for the introduction of multiple mutations within rearranged immunoglobulin variable regions to increase antibody diversity?
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In molecular biology, what is the term for a type of myosin other than that found in muscle cells (myosin II)?
In molecular biology, what is the term for a type of myosin other than that found in muscle cells (myosin II)?
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What is the term for a type of hydrophobic hormone, including estrogen and testosterone, that are derivatives of cholesterol?
What is the term for a type of hydrophobic hormone, including estrogen and testosterone, that are derivatives of cholesterol?
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In cell biology, what is the term for a bundle of actin filaments anchored at sites of cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix?
In cell biology, what is the term for a bundle of actin filaments anchored at sites of cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix?
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What is the term for the compartment of chloroplasts that lies between the envelope and the thylakoid membrane?
What is the term for the compartment of chloroplasts that lies between the envelope and the thylakoid membrane?
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In the chloroplast, what is the term for the innermost membrane that is the site of electron transport and ATP synthesis?
In the chloroplast, what is the term for the innermost membrane that is the site of electron transport and ATP synthesis?
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What is the term for a membrane-enclosed sac that transports proteins from the Golgi apparatus to the cell surface?
What is the term for a membrane-enclosed sac that transports proteins from the Golgi apparatus to the cell surface?
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In cell adhesion, what is the term for a type of cell adhesion molecule that recognizes oligosaccharides exposed on the cell surface?
In cell adhesion, what is the term for a type of cell adhesion molecule that recognizes oligosaccharides exposed on the cell surface?
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What is the term for the ability of a microscope to distinguish objects separated by small distances?
What is the term for the ability of a microscope to distinguish objects separated by small distances?
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In molecular biology, what is the term for a polymer of ribonucleotides?
In molecular biology, what is the term for a polymer of ribonucleotides?
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What is the term for a hydrophobic sequence at the amino terminus of a polypeptide chain that targets it for secretion in bacteria or incorporation into the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotic cells?
What is the term for a hydrophobic sequence at the amino terminus of a polypeptide chain that targets it for secretion in bacteria or incorporation into the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotic cells?
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What is the term for a chain of reactions that transmits chemical signals from the cell surface to their intracellular targets?
What is the term for a chain of reactions that transmits chemical signals from the cell surface to their intracellular targets?
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What is the term for a particle composed of proteins and RNA that binds to signal sequences and targets polypeptide chains to the endoplasmic reticulum?
What is the term for a particle composed of proteins and RNA that binds to signal sequences and targets polypeptide chains to the endoplasmic reticulum?
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In genetics, what is the term for a complex of an snRNA with proteins?
In genetics, what is the term for a complex of an snRNA with proteins?
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What is the term for a DNA sequence that can move to different positions in the genome?
What is the term for a DNA sequence that can move to different positions in the genome?
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What is the term for a dynamic behavior of actin filaments and microtubules in which the loss of subunits from one end of the filament is balanced by their addition to the other end?
What is the term for a dynamic behavior of actin filaments and microtubules in which the loss of subunits from one end of the filament is balanced by their addition to the other end?
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What is the term for the process of DNA replication in which the two parental strands separate and serve as templates for the synthesis of new progeny strands?
What is the term for the process of DNA replication in which the two parental strands separate and serve as templates for the synthesis of new progeny strands?
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In genetics, what is the term for a protein kinase that phosphorylates serine and threonine residues?
In genetics, what is the term for a protein kinase that phosphorylates serine and threonine residues?
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What is the term for the region of DNA synthesis where the parental strands separate, and two new daughter strands elongate?
What is the term for the region of DNA synthesis where the parental strands separate, and two new daughter strands elongate?
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In genetics, what is the term for an allele that is masked by a dominant allele?
In genetics, what is the term for an allele that is masked by a dominant allele?
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What is the term for a regulatory point in animal cell cycles that occurs late in G1, after which a cell is committed to entering S and undergoing one cell division cycle?
What is the term for a regulatory point in animal cell cycles that occurs late in G1, after which a cell is committed to entering S and undergoing one cell division cycle?
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In molecular biology, what is the term for a DNA polymerase that uses an RNA template?
In molecular biology, what is the term for a DNA polymerase that uses an RNA template?
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What is the term for the repair of damaged DNA by recombination with an undamaged homologous DNA molecule?
What is the term for the repair of damaged DNA by recombination with an undamaged homologous DNA molecule?
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In genetics, what is the term for a gene that acts to maintain the integrity of the genome and whose loss can lead to the Explanation: The correct answer is D. A stability gene is a gene that plays a role in maintaining the integrity of the genome, and its loss or mutation can lead to the development of cancer or genetic instability.development of cancer?
In genetics, what is the term for a gene that acts to maintain the integrity of the genome and whose loss can lead to the Explanation: The correct answer is D. A stability gene is a gene that plays a role in maintaining the integrity of the genome, and its loss or mutation can lead to the development of cancer or genetic instability.development of cancer?
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What is the term for a method in which the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used to quantitate the amount of target DNA or RNA present in a sample?
What is the term for a method in which the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used to quantitate the amount of target DNA or RNA present in a sample?
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In cell biology, what is the term for a protein that stabilizes unwound DNA by binding to single-stranded regions?
In cell biology, what is the term for a protein that stabilizes unwound DNA by binding to single-stranded regions?
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In cell biology, what is the term for the process of DNA replication in which the two parental strands separate, and each serves as a template for the synthesis of a new progeny strand?
In cell biology, what is the term for the process of DNA replication in which the two parental strands separate, and each serves as a template for the synthesis of a new progeny strand?
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What is the term for a major actin-binding protein of the cell cortex?
What is the term for a major actin-binding protein of the cell cortex?
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In genetics, what is the term for a member of a family of receptors that recognize a variety of molecules associated with pathogenic bacteria and viruses?
In genetics, what is the term for a member of a family of receptors that recognize a variety of molecules associated with pathogenic bacteria and viruses?
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What is the term for a membrane-enclosed sac that transports proteins from the Golgi apparatus to the cell surface?
What is the term for a membrane-enclosed sac that transports proteins from the Golgi apparatus to the cell surface?
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In genetics, what is the term for the process of DNA replication in which the two parental strands separate, and each serves as a template for the synthesis of a new progeny strand?
In genetics, what is the term for the process of DNA replication in which the two parental strands separate, and each serves as a template for the synthesis of a new progeny strand?
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What is the term for a phospholipid consisting of two hydrocarbon chains bound to a polar head group containing serine?
What is the term for a phospholipid consisting of two hydrocarbon chains bound to a polar head group containing serine?
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In genetics, what is the term for a short noncoding double-strand RNA that acts in the RNA interference pathway?
In genetics, what is the term for a short noncoding double-strand RNA that acts in the RNA interference pathway?
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What is the term for an RNA molecule that functions as an adaptor between amino acids and mRNA during protein synthesis?
What is the term for an RNA molecule that functions as an adaptor between amino acids and mRNA during protein synthesis?
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In cell biology, what is the term for the innermost membrane of chloroplasts that is the site of electron transport and ATP synthesis?
In cell biology, what is the term for the innermost membrane of chloroplasts that is the site of electron transport and ATP synthesis?
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What is the term for a member of a family of transcription factors that have an SH2 domain and are activated by tyrosine phosphorylation, which promotes their translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus?
What is the term for a member of a family of transcription factors that have an SH2 domain and are activated by tyrosine phosphorylation, which promotes their translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus?
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What is the term for the separation of particles based on their rates of sedimentation?
What is the term for the separation of particles based on their rates of sedimentation?
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What is the term for the combined use of video cameras with the light microscope to allow the visualization of small objects?
What is the term for the combined use of video cameras with the light microscope to allow the visualization of small objects?
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What is the major actin-bundling protein of intestinal microvilli?
What is the major actin-bundling protein of intestinal microvilli?
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Which intermediate filament protein is found in a variety of different kinds of cells?
Which intermediate filament protein is found in a variety of different kinds of cells?
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Which drug inhibits microtubule polymerization?
Which drug inhibits microtubule polymerization?
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Which protein mediates the association of actin filaments with integrins at focal adhesions?
Which protein mediates the association of actin filaments with integrins at focal adhesions?
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What is the term for a vitamin that regulates calcium metabolism and bone growth by stimulating the activity of a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily?
What is the term for a vitamin that regulates calcium metabolism and bone growth by stimulating the activity of a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily?
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Which type of ion channel opens in response to changes in electric potential?
Which type of ion channel opens in response to changes in electric potential?
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What is the term for a protein that stimulates actin filament branching?
What is the term for a protein that stimulates actin filament branching?
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What is the term for a method in which yeast genetics is used to identify proteins that interact with one another?
What is the term for a method in which yeast genetics is used to identify proteins that interact with one another?
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What is the term for the dosage compensation mechanism in which most of the genes on one X chromosome are inactivated in female cells?
What is the term for the dosage compensation mechanism in which most of the genes on one X chromosome are inactivated in female cells?
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What is the method in which the diffraction pattern of X-rays is used to determine the arrangement of individual atoms within a molecule?
What is the method in which the diffraction pattern of X-rays is used to determine the arrangement of individual atoms within a molecule?
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What is the term for an African clawed frog used as a model system for developmental biology?
What is the term for an African clawed frog used as a model system for developmental biology?
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What is the simplest unicellular eukaryotes and are important models for studies of eukaryotic cells?
What is the simplest unicellular eukaryotes and are important models for studies of eukaryotic cells?
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What is a vector that can replicate as a chromosome in yeast cells and can accommodate very large DNA inserts (hundreds of kb)?
What is a vector that can replicate as a chromosome in yeast cells and can accommodate very large DNA inserts (hundreds of kb)?
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What is the term for the secreted signaling molecule that stimulates a pathway regulating cell fate during embryonic development?
What is the term for the secreted signaling molecule that stimulates a pathway regulating cell fate during embryonic development?
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What is the term for a dosage compensation mechanism in which most of the genes on one X chromosome are inactivated in female cells?
What is the term for a dosage compensation mechanism in which most of the genes on one X chromosome are inactivated in female cells?
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What is the method in which yeast genetics is used to identify proteins that interact with one another?
What is the method in which yeast genetics is used to identify proteins that interact with one another?
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What is a species of small fish used for genetic studies of vertebrate development?
What is a species of small fish used for genetic studies of vertebrate development?
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