Cellular Division Exam Study Guide
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Questions and Answers

What occurs during Prophase I of meiosis?

  • Sister chromatids are pulled apart.
  • Homologous chromosomes pair and exchange genetic material. (correct)
  • Four genetically unique haploid cells are formed.
  • Chromosomes condense into a single line.

    • What is the result of Telophase I in meiosis?

  • Four haploid cells are produced.
  • Chromosomes condense into chromatin.
  • Two haploid cells are formed after cytokinesis. (correct)
  • Two diploid cells are formed.

    • In which stage do homologous pairs align at the cell's center during meiosis?

  • Telophase II
  • Prophase II
  • Metaphase I (correct)
  • Anaphase II

    • What happens during Anaphase II of meiosis?

    <p>Sister chromatids are separated and pulled to opposite poles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many genetically unique haploid cells are ultimately formed after meiosis is complete?

    <p>Four</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of cell division?

    <p>To replace damaged/lost cells and permit growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is involved in the division of the cytoplasm during M Phase?

    <p>Cytokinesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase do chromosomes line up at the cell's equatorial plane?

    <p>Metaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the S Phase of the cell cycle?

    <p>DNA is synthesized or replicated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding sister chromatids?

    <p>They are joined at the centromere and contain identical genes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major event happens during anaphase?

    <p>Chromosomes separate at the centromere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase is characterized as the longest stage of mitosis?

    <p>Prophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during telophase?

    <p>Chromosomes unwind and the nuclear envelope reforms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during cytokinesis in animal cells?

    <p>Cleavage furrow formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tumor remains localized at the original site?

    <p>Benign tumor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of spindle fibers in cell division?

    <p>To assist in the separation of chromatids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase is the first stage of meiosis I?

    <p>Prophase I.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does apoptosis differ from necrosis?

    <p>Apoptosis is a programmed cell death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during nondisjunction?

    <p>Members of a chromosome pair fail to separate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the cell cycle is where DNA replication occurs?

    <p>S phase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is sexual reproduction considered beneficial for organisms?

    <p>It provides genetic diversity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cellular Division Exam - Study Guide

    • Exam is scheduled for
    • Review session will cover the study guide
    • Students should be familiar with following terms (including definition).

    Cell Division

    • Replace damaged cells
    • Permits growth
    • Allows reproduction

    M Phase

    • Includes 2 overlapping processes
    • Cytokinesis—in which the cytoplasm and its contents are divided evenly into two daughter nuclei.

    S Phase

    • Synthesis of DNA. Also known as DNA replication

    Interphase

    • A cell performs its normal functions
    • It is cell's normal activity
    • It doubles everything in its cytoplasm and grows in size
    • 90% of the cell's life span
    • Divided into 3 subphases
      • G1 phase ("first gap")
      • S phase ("synthesis of DNA)
      • G2 phase ("second gap")

    Sister Chromatids

    • The DNA molecule is copied through the process of DNA replication
    • Result is two copies of each chromosome called sister chromatids.
    • Two sister chromatids are joined together tightly at a narrow "waist" called the centromere.

    Prophase

    • The first mitotic stage in both mitosis and meiosis
    • Longest stage
    • Chromosomes are visible
    • Spindle fibers, centrioles, and aster fibers form a spindle apparatus
    • Nuclear envelope and nucleoli disappear

    Metaphase

    • Chromosomes align on the center of cell
    • Spindle fibers coordinate movement

    Anaphase

    • Chromosomes separate at the centromere
    • Move away from each other to opposite poles
    • Complete set of chromosomes

    Telophase

    • Condensed chromosomes unwind and spread out into a cluster of chromatin
    • Nuclear envelope and nucleoli become visible.
    • Spindle apparatus and kinetochores disappear

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    Description

    Prepare for your upcoming exam on cellular division with this comprehensive study guide. This guide covers essential phases of the cell cycle, including M Phase, S Phase, and Interphase, along with key terminologies like sister chromatids. Familiarizing yourself with these concepts will help solidify your understanding of cell division.

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