Cellular Division Exam Study Guide

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Questions and Answers

What occurs during Prophase I of meiosis?

Sister chromatids are pulled apart.

Homologous chromosomes pair and exchange genetic material. (correct)

Four genetically unique haploid cells are formed.

Chromosomes condense into a single line.

What is the result of Telophase I in meiosis?

Four haploid cells are produced.

Chromosomes condense into chromatin.

Two haploid cells are formed after cytokinesis. (correct)

Two diploid cells are formed.

In which stage do homologous pairs align at the cell's center during meiosis?

Telophase II

Prophase II

Metaphase I (correct)

Anaphase II

What happens during Anaphase II of meiosis?

Sister chromatids are separated and pulled to opposite poles. Signup and view all the answers

How many genetically unique haploid cells are ultimately formed after meiosis is complete?

Four Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of cell division?

To replace damaged/lost cells and permit growth Signup and view all the answers

Which process is involved in the division of the cytoplasm during M Phase?

Cytokinesis Signup and view all the answers

During which phase do chromosomes line up at the cell's equatorial plane?

Metaphase Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the S Phase of the cell cycle?

DNA is synthesized or replicated Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding sister chromatids?

They are joined at the centromere and contain identical genes. Signup and view all the answers

What major event happens during anaphase?

Chromosomes separate at the centromere Signup and view all the answers

Which phase is characterized as the longest stage of mitosis?

Prophase Signup and view all the answers

What happens during telophase?

Chromosomes unwind and the nuclear envelope reforms. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during cytokinesis in animal cells?

Cleavage furrow formation. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tumor remains localized at the original site?

Benign tumor. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of spindle fibers in cell division?

To assist in the separation of chromatids. Signup and view all the answers

Which phase is the first stage of meiosis I?

Prophase I. Signup and view all the answers

How does apoptosis differ from necrosis?

Apoptosis is a programmed cell death. Signup and view all the answers

What happens during nondisjunction?

Members of a chromosome pair fail to separate. Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the cell cycle is where DNA replication occurs?

S phase. Signup and view all the answers

Why is sexual reproduction considered beneficial for organisms?

It provides genetic diversity. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cellular Division Exam - Study Guide

Exam is scheduled for
Review session will cover the study guide
Students should be familiar with following terms (including definition).

Cell Division

Replace damaged cells
Permits growth
Allows reproduction

M Phase

Includes 2 overlapping processes
Cytokinesis—in which the cytoplasm and its contents are divided evenly into two daughter nuclei.

S Phase

Synthesis of DNA. Also known as DNA replication

Interphase

A cell performs its normal functions
It is cell's normal activity
It doubles everything in its cytoplasm and grows in size
90% of the cell's life span
Divided into 3 subphases
- G1 phase ("first gap")
- S phase ("synthesis of DNA)
- G2 phase ("second gap")

Sister Chromatids

The DNA molecule is copied through the process of DNA replication
Result is two copies of each chromosome called sister chromatids.
Two sister chromatids are joined together tightly at a narrow "waist" called the centromere.

Prophase

The first mitotic stage in both mitosis and meiosis
Longest stage
Chromosomes are visible
Spindle fibers, centrioles, and aster fibers form a spindle apparatus
Nuclear envelope and nucleoli disappear

Metaphase

Chromosomes align on the center of cell
Spindle fibers coordinate movement

Anaphase

Chromosomes separate at the centromere
Move away from each other to opposite poles
Complete set of chromosomes

Telophase

Condensed chromosomes unwind and spread out into a cluster of chromatin
Nuclear envelope and nucleoli become visible.
Spindle apparatus and kinetochores disappear

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Description

Prepare for your upcoming exam on cellular division with this comprehensive study guide. This guide covers essential phases of the cell cycle, including M Phase, S Phase, and Interphase, along with key terminologies like sister chromatids. Familiarizing yourself with these concepts will help solidify your understanding of cell division.