Cellular Biology: Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes

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What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic cells are single-celled and lack a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells are more complex and contain a nucleus.

List two functions of the plasma membrane in a cell.

The plasma membrane regulates the movement of materials into and out of the cell, and it also provides structural support to the cell.

Explain the role of ribosomes in cellular function.

Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, translating messenger RNA into polypeptide chains.

How do the functions of organelles in plant cells differ from those in animal cells?

Plant cells have organelles like chloroplasts for photosynthesis, while animal cells do not; both types contain a nucleus and mitochondria for energy production. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or use within the cell. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary structural difference between plant cells and animal cells?

Plant cells have a rigid cell wall made of cellulose, while animal cells do not have a cell wall. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the role of chloroplasts within plant cells.

Chloroplasts are organelles responsible for photosynthesis, converting sunlight into energy. Signup and view all the answers

How does the plasma membrane differ in its role compared to the cell wall in plant cells?

The plasma membrane regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell, while the cell wall provides structure and support. Signup and view all the answers

What material primarily composes the cell wall of plant cells, and how does it contribute to the cell's function?

The cell wall is mainly made of cellulose, which provides rigidity and structural support to the plant cell. Signup and view all the answers

Identify two types of organisms other than plants that possess a cell wall, and state the material their cell wall is made of.

Fungi have cell walls made of chitin, and bacteria have cell walls made of peptidoglycan. Signup and view all the answers

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells

Prokaryotic cells are single-celled organisms (like bacteria); Eukaryotic cells are more complex, and are found in organisms like plants and animals.

Organelles

Specialized structures within a cell that perform specific tasks.