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Questions and Answers
What enzyme converts L-tyrosine to L-DOPA inside chromaffin cells?
What enzyme converts L-tyrosine to L-DOPA inside chromaffin cells?
Which enzyme is responsible for converting dopamine to norepinephrine within chromaffin granules?
Which enzyme is responsible for converting dopamine to norepinephrine within chromaffin granules?
Where is epinephrine stored before release by pre-ganglionic sympathetic neurons?
Where is epinephrine stored before release by pre-ganglionic sympathetic neurons?
Which enzyme is primarily responsible for metabolism of epinephrine and norepinephrine in the liver and kidney?
Which enzyme is primarily responsible for metabolism of epinephrine and norepinephrine in the liver and kidney?
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What is the main effect of stimulating alpha receptors in arterioles of most visceral organs?
What is the main effect of stimulating alpha receptors in arterioles of most visceral organs?
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Which adrenergic receptor type is responsible for increasing glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver?
Which adrenergic receptor type is responsible for increasing glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver?
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What is the main metabolic effect of cortisol on protein metabolism?
What is the main metabolic effect of cortisol on protein metabolism?
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Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing the sensitivity of vascular smooth muscle to vasoconstrictors?
Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing the sensitivity of vascular smooth muscle to vasoconstrictors?
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In response to stress, cortisol acts to shift metabolism from glucose to:
In response to stress, cortisol acts to shift metabolism from glucose to:
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What is the primary effect of cortisol on bone health?
What is the primary effect of cortisol on bone health?
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Which of the following is a common consequence of elevated cortisol levels?
Which of the following is a common consequence of elevated cortisol levels?
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What is the primary function of cortisol in relation to glucose metabolism?
What is the primary function of cortisol in relation to glucose metabolism?
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How does cortisol affect fat metabolism in adipose tissue?
How does cortisol affect fat metabolism in adipose tissue?
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Which type of receptors does cortisol bind to in the cytosol before migrating to the nucleus?
Which type of receptors does cortisol bind to in the cytosol before migrating to the nucleus?
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What is the primary enzyme responsible for converting L-tyrosine to L-DOPA inside chromaffin cells?
What is the primary enzyme responsible for converting L-tyrosine to L-DOPA inside chromaffin cells?
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Which enzyme is primarily involved in the metabolism of epinephrine and norepinephrine in the liver and kidney?
Which enzyme is primarily involved in the metabolism of epinephrine and norepinephrine in the liver and kidney?
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What is the major type of adrenergic receptor that dopamine binds to?
What is the major type of adrenergic receptor that dopamine binds to?
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Which neurotransmitter is converted to epinephrine in the cytosol?
Which neurotransmitter is converted to epinephrine in the cytosol?
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In the fight or flight response, which receptor type causes vasodilation of skeletal muscle and liver arterioles?
In the fight or flight response, which receptor type causes vasodilation of skeletal muscle and liver arterioles?
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What effect does the stimulation of alpha receptors have on arterioles of most visceral organs?
What effect does the stimulation of alpha receptors have on arterioles of most visceral organs?
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What is the primary function of mineralocorticoids like aldosterone?
What is the primary function of mineralocorticoids like aldosterone?
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Which hormone is responsible for shifting metabolism from glucose to fat utilization?
Which hormone is responsible for shifting metabolism from glucose to fat utilization?
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What is the primary effect of cortisol on bone health?
What is the primary effect of cortisol on bone health?
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Which of the following is NOT a main effect of cortisol on carbohydrate metabolism?
Which of the following is NOT a main effect of cortisol on carbohydrate metabolism?
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In response to stress, which hormone acts to prevent connective tissue synthesis and inflammation?
In response to stress, which hormone acts to prevent connective tissue synthesis and inflammation?
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What is the significance of adrenal androgens in most animals?
What is the significance of adrenal androgens in most animals?
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Which of the following best describes the role of catecholamines like epinephrine during short-term stress (fight or flight response)?
Which of the following best describes the role of catecholamines like epinephrine during short-term stress (fight or flight response)?
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Which hormone is responsible for stabilizing lysosomal membranes and decreasing release of proteolytic enzymes by damaged cells?
Which hormone is responsible for stabilizing lysosomal membranes and decreasing release of proteolytic enzymes by damaged cells?
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What enzyme is primarily responsible for converting DHEA into testosterone in the testes or ovaries?
What enzyme is primarily responsible for converting DHEA into testosterone in the testes or ovaries?
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Which of the following is NOT a primary effect of cortisol on protein metabolism?
Which of the following is NOT a primary effect of cortisol on protein metabolism?
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What enzyme is responsible for converting dopamine to norepinephrine within chromaffin granules?
What enzyme is responsible for converting dopamine to norepinephrine within chromaffin granules?
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Where are epinephrine stored before release by pre-ganglionic sympathetic neurons?
Where are epinephrine stored before release by pre-ganglionic sympathetic neurons?
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Which adrenergic receptor type causes vasodilation of skeletal muscle and liver arterioles?
Which adrenergic receptor type causes vasodilation of skeletal muscle and liver arterioles?
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What is the primary function of mineralocorticoids like aldosterone?
What is the primary function of mineralocorticoids like aldosterone?
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Which enzyme is primarily responsible for the metabolism of epinephrine and norepinephrine in the liver and kidney?
Which enzyme is primarily responsible for the metabolism of epinephrine and norepinephrine in the liver and kidney?
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Which hormone is responsible for stabilizing lysosomal membranes and decreasing the release of proteolytic enzymes by damaged cells?
Which hormone is responsible for stabilizing lysosomal membranes and decreasing the release of proteolytic enzymes by damaged cells?
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What stimulates the secretion of catecholamines like epinephrine and norepinephrine during short-term stress?
What stimulates the secretion of catecholamines like epinephrine and norepinephrine during short-term stress?
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Where does free cortisol bind before migrating to the nucleus to stimulate or inhibit gene expression?
Where does free cortisol bind before migrating to the nucleus to stimulate or inhibit gene expression?
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Which hormone is primarily responsible for mobilizing fatty acids from adipose tissue?
Which hormone is primarily responsible for mobilizing fatty acids from adipose tissue?
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What is the main effect of cortisol on glucose metabolism in the liver?
What is the main effect of cortisol on glucose metabolism in the liver?
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In adrenal insufficiency (Addisons Disease), what are the characteristic symptoms of a hypoactive adrenal cortex?
In adrenal insufficiency (Addisons Disease), what are the characteristic symptoms of a hypoactive adrenal cortex?
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Which of the following hormones contributes to the increase in visceral (abdominal) fat deposition known as 'potbelly'?
Which of the following hormones contributes to the increase in visceral (abdominal) fat deposition known as 'potbelly'?
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What is the primary function of corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) transcortin in cortisol transport?
What is the primary function of corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) transcortin in cortisol transport?
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Which enzyme is responsible for converting AA from muscle into substrates for gluconeogenesis during increased cortisol release?
Which enzyme is responsible for converting AA from muscle into substrates for gluconeogenesis during increased cortisol release?
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What biological response is cortisol primarily involved in maintaining when reacting to external or internal stimuli?
What biological response is cortisol primarily involved in maintaining when reacting to external or internal stimuli?
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Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of L-tyrosine to L-DOPA inside chromaffin cells?
Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of L-tyrosine to L-DOPA inside chromaffin cells?
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When NE binds to adrenoceptors on target tissues, what is the main role of these GPCR receptors in the context of the text?
When NE binds to adrenoceptors on target tissues, what is the main role of these GPCR receptors in the context of the text?
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Which enzyme is primarily responsible for the conversion of NE to Epinephrine in the cytosol?
Which enzyme is primarily responsible for the conversion of NE to Epinephrine in the cytosol?
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In the context of liver and kidney metabolism, which system primarily degrades NE and Epinephrine?
In the context of liver and kidney metabolism, which system primarily degrades NE and Epinephrine?
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Which adrenergic receptors, when stimulated, cause vasodilation of skeletal muscle and liver arterioles?
Which adrenergic receptors, when stimulated, cause vasodilation of skeletal muscle and liver arterioles?
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What is the main effect of the stimulation of alpha receptors in the arterioles of most visceral organs?
What is the main effect of the stimulation of alpha receptors in the arterioles of most visceral organs?
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What is the main effect of cortisol on protein metabolism?
What is the main effect of cortisol on protein metabolism?
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In response to stress, which hormone acts to prevent connective tissue synthesis and inflammation?
In response to stress, which hormone acts to prevent connective tissue synthesis and inflammation?
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What is the primary function of corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) transcortin in cortisol transport?
What is the primary function of corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) transcortin in cortisol transport?
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Which enzyme is primarily involved in the metabolism of epinephrine and norepinephrine in the liver and kidney?
Which enzyme is primarily involved in the metabolism of epinephrine and norepinephrine in the liver and kidney?
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Which hormone is responsible for increasing the sensitivity of vascular smooth muscle to vasoconstrictors?
Which hormone is responsible for increasing the sensitivity of vascular smooth muscle to vasoconstrictors?
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What does cortisol primarily do to glucose metabolism in the liver?
What does cortisol primarily do to glucose metabolism in the liver?
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