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Questions and Answers
What is the main effect of cortisol on protein metabolism?
What is the main effect of cortisol on protein metabolism?
- Increased muscle fiber synthesis
- Reduced cellular protein synthesis (correct)
- Promotion of connective tissue synthesis
- Enhanced bone formation
Which of the following is a main substrate for gluconeogenesis catalyzed by cortisol?
Which of the following is a main substrate for gluconeogenesis catalyzed by cortisol?
- Proteolytic enzymes by damaged cells
- Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)
- Free fatty acids (FFAs) from adipose tissue
- Amino acids from skeletal muscles (correct)
What is the role of cortisol in lipid metabolism?
What is the role of cortisol in lipid metabolism?
- Stimulates glucose transport into fat cells
- Enhances peripheral fat deposition
- Shifts metabolism from fat to glucose utilization (correct)
- Decreases fatty acid mobilization from adipose tissue
Which hormone enables cortisol to potentiate the action of glucagon and epinephrine on glucose metabolism?
Which hormone enables cortisol to potentiate the action of glucagon and epinephrine on glucose metabolism?
How does cortisol affect carbohydrate metabolism?
How does cortisol affect carbohydrate metabolism?
Which hormone is primarily responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?
Which hormone is primarily responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?
Which type of receptors are primarily targeted by catecholamines like epinephrine and norepinephrine?
Which type of receptors are primarily targeted by catecholamines like epinephrine and norepinephrine?
'Addison's Disease' is characterized by hypoactivity of which gland?
'Addison's Disease' is characterized by hypoactivity of which gland?
Which hormone is responsible for increasing libido and secondary sexual characteristics in humans?
Which hormone is responsible for increasing libido and secondary sexual characteristics in humans?
Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of L-tyrosine to L-DOPA in the chromaffin cells?
Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of L-tyrosine to L-DOPA in the chromaffin cells?
What is the primary mechanism by which norepinephrine exerts negative feedback on pre-ganglionic sympathetic neurons?
What is the primary mechanism by which norepinephrine exerts negative feedback on pre-ganglionic sympathetic neurons?
Which receptor subtype is primarily responsible for the vasoconstrictive effects of catecholamines on arterioles?
Which receptor subtype is primarily responsible for the vasoconstrictive effects of catecholamines on arterioles?
Which of the following is NOT a metabolic effect of catecholamine action?
Which of the following is NOT a metabolic effect of catecholamine action?
Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine within the chromaffin granules?
Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine within the chromaffin granules?
What is the primary mechanism by which catecholamines increase glucose availability during the fight-or-flight response?
What is the primary mechanism by which catecholamines increase glucose availability during the fight-or-flight response?
Which adrenergic receptor subtype is primarily responsible for the positive chronotropic and inotropic effects of catecholamines on the heart?
Which adrenergic receptor subtype is primarily responsible for the positive chronotropic and inotropic effects of catecholamines on the heart?
What is the primary mechanism by which catecholamines increase energy availability during the fight-or-flight response?
What is the primary mechanism by which catecholamines increase energy availability during the fight-or-flight response?
Which enzyme system is primarily responsible for the degradation and excretion of catecholamines?
Which enzyme system is primarily responsible for the degradation and excretion of catecholamines?
Which of the following statements about the clearance half-life of catecholamines is correct?
Which of the following statements about the clearance half-life of catecholamines is correct?
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