Adrenal Gland 1

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What is the main regulatory factor for mineralocorticoid secretion in the zona glomerulosa?

Decrease in blood pressure

Sympathetic stimulation

Increase in sodium (Na+)

Increase in potassium (K+) (correct)

Where are the few receptors for ACTH located?

Zona glomerulosa (correct)

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

Cells of macula densa

Renal filtrate

What is the primary stimuli for renin secretion in the kidney?

Increased blood pressure

Parasympathetic stimulation

Decreased sodium (Na+) in renal filtrate (correct)

Decreased potassium (K+)

Which of the following effects does aldosterone have on the distal tubules in the kidneys?

Active reabsorption of potassium (K+) (B) Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates aldosterone synthesis independently of RAAS?

Increase in potassium (K+) (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a step in the process of sodium reabsorption from the filtrate to blood?

Passive diffusion (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of glucocorticoids produced by the adrenal cortex?

Maintaining body's adaptive responses to stress (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which zone of the adrenal gland does not have the enzyme aromatase involved in steroidogenesis?

Zona glomerulosa (A) Signup and view all the answers

How are steroid hormones mainly transported in the blood?

Bound to specific transport proteins (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate clearance half-life of aldosterone in the body?

20 minutes (C) Signup and view all the answers

Where is cholesterol converted to pregnenolone during steroidogenesis?

Mitochondria (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone binds to intracellular receptors and translocates to the nucleus after binding?

Cortisol (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of mineralocorticoids in the body?

Influencing salt and water balance (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of aldosterone on the kidney's distal tubules?

Regulating electrolyte balance (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does ketoconazole mainly target to reduce cortisol levels?

Inhibit steroidogenesis enzymes (B) Signup and view all the answers

How are androgen hormones different from other steroid hormones in terms of receptor binding?

They bind only to cell surface receptors triggering rapid responses (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a major regulatory factor for mineralocorticoid secretion?

Decreased potassium levels (A) Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates renin secretion in response to decreased [Na+] in the renal filtrate?

Cells of macula densa (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of aldosterone on distal tubules in the kidneys?

Active reabsorption of potassium (K+) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is one role of aldosterone on the kidney's distal tubules?

Synthesis of potassium channels (D) Signup and view all the answers

What primarily regulates the production of aldosterone?

[Na+] levels in the filtrate (C) Signup and view all the answers

Where are there few receptors for ACTH located according to the text?

Zona glomerulosa cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the main hormones produced by the adrenal cortex to assist in maintaining homeostasis?

Mineralocorticoids and androgens (A) Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the adrenal gland are catecholamines produced?

Adrenal medulla (A) Signup and view all the answers

How are steroid hormones primarily transported in the blood?

Bound to transcortin and albumin (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is not found in cells of the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal gland?

Aromatase (D) Signup and view all the answers

Where do steroid hormones bind to exert their effects in target cells?

Cytoplasmic receptors (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of corticosteroid-binding globulin (transcortin) in steroid hormone transport?

Transportation across cell membranes (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone has a clearance half-life of approximately 60 minutes in the body?

Cortisol (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main target organ influenced by aldosterone in the body?

Kidneys (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is ketoconazole mainly used for in clinical treatment related to steroidogenesis?

Inhibiting steroidogenesis enzymes (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which zone of the adrenal gland predominantly produces mineralocorticoids?

Zona glomerulosa (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor that directly stimulates the zona glomerulosa to secrete aldosterone, independent of RAAS?

Increased potassium (K+) (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does aldosterone primarily influence sodium reabsorption from the filtrate to the blood?

Active process (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mechanism by which aldosterone affects potassium secretion in the kidneys?

Stimulating potassium channels synthesis (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is a stimuli for renin secretion in response to decreased sodium (Na+) concentration in the renal filtrate?

Reduced sodium (Na+) in filtrate (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of aldosterone on distal tubules in the kidneys?

Promoting potassium excretion (D) Signup and view all the answers

Where are there few receptors for ACTH located that have little effect on aldosterone synthesis?

Zona glomerulosa (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main stimulus for aldosterone synthesis and secretion in the adrenal gland?

Decrease in blood potassium levels (B) Signup and view all the answers

How are steroid hormones primarily transported in the blood?

Bound to transcortin or albumin (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following reflects a characteristic of androgen hormones' receptor binding different from other steroid hormones?

Binding to GPCR on the cell surface (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of mineralocorticoids in the body?

Influence on electrolyte and fluid balance (A) Signup and view all the answers

How is cholesterol primarily transported into adrenal cortex cells for steroidogenesis?

Endocytosed with receptor-mediated mechanisms (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the cellular location where steroid hormones bind to exert their effects?

Nuclear receptors (C) Signup and view all the answers

How are glucocorticoids primarily transported in the bloodstream?

Bound to lipoproteins like LDLs (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site of metabolism of steroid hormones for excretion?

Liver cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main regulatory factor for mineralocorticoid secretion in the adrenal gland?

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) (C) Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the transport of aldosterone in the bloodstream?

Primarily bound to albumin (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the main hormones produced by the adrenal gland?

Regulating electrolyte balance (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main stimulus for renin secretion in the kidney?

Decreased blood pressure in the kidney (C) Signup and view all the answers

How are steroid hormones primarily transported in the blood?

Bound to transport proteins like CBG or albumin (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor directly stimulates the zona glomerulosa to secrete aldosterone independently of RAAS?

Increased potassium levels (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary regulatory factor for mineralocorticoid secretion in the adrenal gland?

Plasma renin levels (A) Signup and view all the answers

Where are receptors for ACTH primarily located to regulate aldosterone synthesis?

Cells of macula densa (D) Signup and view all the answers

Where does the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone occur during steroidogenesis?

Mitochondria (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone primarily influences sodium reabsorption by promoting active reabsorption in the kidneys?

Aldosterone (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main regulatory factor for mineralocorticoid secretion in the adrenal gland's zona glomerulosa?

Elevated potassium levels (C) Signup and view all the answers

What primarily regulates the production of aldosterone in the adrenal cortex?

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of corticosteroid-binding globulin (transcortin) in steroid hormone transport?

Reducing biological activity of hormones (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does aldosterone mainly affect potassium secretion in the kidneys?

Stimulates active potassium secretion in distal tubules (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does aldosterone primarily influence sodium reabsorption from the filtrate to blood in the kidneys?

Stimulating Na+/K+ ATPase activity (C) Signup and view all the answers

Adrenal Gland 1

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Questions and Answers

What is the main regulatory factor for mineralocorticoid secretion in the zona glomerulosa?

Where are the few receptors for ACTH located?

What is the primary stimuli for renin secretion in the kidney?

Which of the following effects does aldosterone have on the distal tubules in the kidneys?

What stimulates aldosterone synthesis independently of RAAS?

Which of the following is NOT a step in the process of sodium reabsorption from the filtrate to blood?

What is the primary function of glucocorticoids produced by the adrenal cortex?

Which zone of the adrenal gland does not have the enzyme aromatase involved in steroidogenesis?

How are steroid hormones mainly transported in the blood?

What is the approximate clearance half-life of aldosterone in the body?

Where is cholesterol converted to pregnenolone during steroidogenesis?

Which hormone binds to intracellular receptors and translocates to the nucleus after binding?

What is the main function of mineralocorticoids in the body?

What is the primary role of aldosterone on the kidney's distal tubules?

What does ketoconazole mainly target to reduce cortisol levels?

How are androgen hormones different from other steroid hormones in terms of receptor binding?

Which of the following is a major regulatory factor for mineralocorticoid secretion?

What stimulates renin secretion in response to decreased [Na+] in the renal filtrate?

What is the primary effect of aldosterone on distal tubules in the kidneys?

What is one role of aldosterone on the kidney's distal tubules?

What primarily regulates the production of aldosterone?

Where are there few receptors for ACTH located according to the text?

What are the main hormones produced by the adrenal cortex to assist in maintaining homeostasis?

In which part of the adrenal gland are catecholamines produced?

How are steroid hormones primarily transported in the blood?

Which enzyme is not found in cells of the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal gland?

Where do steroid hormones bind to exert their effects in target cells?

What is the primary function of corticosteroid-binding globulin (transcortin) in steroid hormone transport?

Which hormone has a clearance half-life of approximately 60 minutes in the body?

What is the main target organ influenced by aldosterone in the body?

What is ketoconazole mainly used for in clinical treatment related to steroidogenesis?

Which zone of the adrenal gland predominantly produces mineralocorticoids?

What is the main factor that directly stimulates the zona glomerulosa to secrete aldosterone, independent of RAAS?

How does aldosterone primarily influence sodium reabsorption from the filtrate to the blood?

What is the main mechanism by which aldosterone affects potassium secretion in the kidneys?

Which of the following factors is a stimuli for renin secretion in response to decreased sodium (Na+) concentration in the renal filtrate?

What is the primary effect of aldosterone on distal tubules in the kidneys?

Where are there few receptors for ACTH located that have little effect on aldosterone synthesis?

What is the main stimulus for aldosterone synthesis and secretion in the adrenal gland?

How are steroid hormones primarily transported in the blood?

Which of the following reflects a characteristic of androgen hormones' receptor binding different from other steroid hormones?

What is the primary function of mineralocorticoids in the body?

How is cholesterol primarily transported into adrenal cortex cells for steroidogenesis?

What is the cellular location where steroid hormones bind to exert their effects?

How are glucocorticoids primarily transported in the bloodstream?

What is the primary site of metabolism of steroid hormones for excretion?

What is the main regulatory factor for mineralocorticoid secretion in the adrenal gland?

What characterizes the transport of aldosterone in the bloodstream?

What is the primary function of the main hormones produced by the adrenal gland?

What is the main stimulus for renin secretion in the kidney?

How are steroid hormones primarily transported in the blood?

Which factor directly stimulates the zona glomerulosa to secrete aldosterone independently of RAAS?

What is the primary regulatory factor for mineralocorticoid secretion in the adrenal gland?

Where are receptors for ACTH primarily located to regulate aldosterone synthesis?

Where does the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone occur during steroidogenesis?

Which hormone primarily influences sodium reabsorption by promoting active reabsorption in the kidneys?

What is the main regulatory factor for mineralocorticoid secretion in the adrenal gland's zona glomerulosa?

What primarily regulates the production of aldosterone in the adrenal cortex?

What is the main role of corticosteroid-binding globulin (transcortin) in steroid hormone transport?

How does aldosterone mainly affect potassium secretion in the kidneys?

How does aldosterone primarily influence sodium reabsorption from the filtrate to blood in the kidneys?

What is one primary factor that stimulates renin secretion in response to decreased [Na+] in the renal filtrate?

Where are steroid hormones primarily metabolized for excretion from the body?

Which of the following is a main target organ influenced by aldosterone?

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