Cellular Biology & Homeostasis: Amino Acids and Proteins Part 1
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Questions and Answers

Which part of the amino acids influences their physicochemical characteristics?

  • Amino group (correct)
  • Protein structure
  • Peptide bond
  • Carboxyl group

What is the main role of antibody proteins in the body?

  • Structural support
  • Transport of nutrients
  • Metabolic regulation
  • Immune response (correct)

Which type of amino acid can be converted into glucose during metabolism?

  • Nonpolar amino acid
  • Ketogenic amino acid
  • Glucogenic amino acid (correct)
  • Proteinogenic amino acid

What is the specific name for the bond that links amino acids together in a protein chain?

<p>Peptide bond (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of contractile proteins in the body?

<p>Facilitating muscle movement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which process does transcription play a key role in molecular biology?

<p>Conversion of DNA to RNA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is responsible for the formation of proteins in living systems?

<p>Ribosome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

<p>DNA → RNA → Protein (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do transport proteins primarily do in living organisms?

<p>Move essential molecules through the bloodstream (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing factor between peptides and proteins?

<p>The size of the chain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of reaction is responsible for forming peptide bonds?

<p>ATP dependent reaction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many amino acids are commonly seen in mammalian proteins?

<p>~20 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the role of an amino acid in the protein?

<p>R-group (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid is synthesized by chemical modification of standard amino acids?

<p>Selenocysteine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

"Proteinogenic amino acids" refer to:

<p>(Hydrophilic) amino acids encoded by DNA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

"Oligopeptides" contain how many amino acids?

<p>~2-20 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum number of amino acids required to form a protein?

<p>50 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme catalyzes the process of transcription in a cell?

<p>RNA polymerase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of transport proteins in living organisms?

<p>Facilitate the movement of molecules across cell membranes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which process is the DNA sequence copied into a complementary RNA molecule?

<p>Transcription (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of proteins can be categorized as metabolic proteins, contractile proteins, and structural proteins?

<p>Fibrous proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the role of an amino acid in a protein?

<p>Distinct side chain (R-group) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of splicing in RNA processing?

<p>Remove non-coding regions (introns) from RNA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of membrane proteins in cell-cell recognition?

<p>Identify and interact with other cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes polypeptides from proteins?

<p>Length of the amino acid chain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to short chains of amino acids?

<p>Oligopeptides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of transport proteins in living organisms?

<p>Facilitate movement of ions, nutrients, and other substances across the cell membrane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

<p>Read mRNA sequence and assemble amino acids in the correct order (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of membrane protein forms channels for specific ions or molecules to pass through the cell membrane?

<p>Channels proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of enzymes among membrane proteins?

<p>Catalyze chemical reactions on the cell membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to biologically occurring molecules that consist of an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a side chain?

<p>Amino Acids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific range of amino acids that oligopeptides contain?

<p>2 to 20 amino acids linked together by peptide bonds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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