Cellular Biology & Homeostasis: Amino Acids and Proteins Part 1

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Questions and Answers

Which part of the amino acids influences their physicochemical characteristics?

Amino group

What is the main role of antibody proteins in the body?

Immune response

Which type of amino acid can be converted into glucose during metabolism?

Glucogenic amino acid

What is the specific name for the bond that links amino acids together in a protein chain?

Peptide bond Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of contractile proteins in the body?

Facilitating muscle movement Signup and view all the answers

In which process does transcription play a key role in molecular biology?

Conversion of DNA to RNA Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is responsible for the formation of proteins in living systems?

Ribosome Signup and view all the answers

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

DNA → RNA → Protein Signup and view all the answers

What do transport proteins primarily do in living organisms?

Move essential molecules through the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing factor between peptides and proteins?

The size of the chain Signup and view all the answers

What type of reaction is responsible for forming peptide bonds?

ATP dependent reaction Signup and view all the answers

How many amino acids are commonly seen in mammalian proteins?

~20 Signup and view all the answers

What determines the role of an amino acid in the protein?

R-group Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid is synthesized by chemical modification of standard amino acids?

Selenocysteine Signup and view all the answers

"Proteinogenic amino acids" refer to:

(Hydrophilic) amino acids encoded by DNA Signup and view all the answers

"Oligopeptides" contain how many amino acids?

~2-20 Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum number of amino acids required to form a protein?

50 Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme catalyzes the process of transcription in a cell?

RNA polymerase Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of transport proteins in living organisms?

Facilitate the movement of molecules across cell membranes Signup and view all the answers

During which process is the DNA sequence copied into a complementary RNA molecule?

Transcription Signup and view all the answers

What type of proteins can be categorized as metabolic proteins, contractile proteins, and structural proteins?

Fibrous proteins Signup and view all the answers

What determines the role of an amino acid in a protein?

Distinct side chain (R-group) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of splicing in RNA processing?

Remove non-coding regions (introns) from RNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of membrane proteins in cell-cell recognition?

Identify and interact with other cells Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes polypeptides from proteins?

Length of the amino acid chain Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to short chains of amino acids?

Oligopeptides Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of transport proteins in living organisms?

Facilitate movement of ions, nutrients, and other substances across the cell membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Read mRNA sequence and assemble amino acids in the correct order Signup and view all the answers

Which type of membrane protein forms channels for specific ions or molecules to pass through the cell membrane?

Channels proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of enzymes among membrane proteins?

Catalyze chemical reactions on the cell membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to biologically occurring molecules that consist of an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a side chain?

Amino Acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific range of amino acids that oligopeptides contain?

2 to 20 amino acids linked together by peptide bonds Signup and view all the answers

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Cellular Biology &amp; Homeostasis: Amino Acids and Proteins Part 1

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