Cellular Biology & Homeostasis: Amino Acids and Proteins Part 1
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Questions and Answers

Which part of the amino acids influences their physicochemical characteristics?

  • Amino group (correct)
  • Protein structure
  • Peptide bond
  • Carboxyl group
  • What is the main role of antibody proteins in the body?

  • Structural support
  • Transport of nutrients
  • Metabolic regulation
  • Immune response (correct)
  • Which type of amino acid can be converted into glucose during metabolism?

  • Nonpolar amino acid
  • Ketogenic amino acid
  • Glucogenic amino acid (correct)
  • Proteinogenic amino acid
  • What is the specific name for the bond that links amino acids together in a protein chain?

    <p>Peptide bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of contractile proteins in the body?

    <p>Facilitating muscle movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which process does transcription play a key role in molecular biology?

    <p>Conversion of DNA to RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is responsible for the formation of proteins in living systems?

    <p>Ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

    <p>DNA → RNA → Protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do transport proteins primarily do in living organisms?

    <p>Move essential molecules through the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing factor between peptides and proteins?

    <p>The size of the chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reaction is responsible for forming peptide bonds?

    <p>ATP dependent reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many amino acids are commonly seen in mammalian proteins?

    <p>~20</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the role of an amino acid in the protein?

    <p>R-group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid is synthesized by chemical modification of standard amino acids?

    <p>Selenocysteine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Proteinogenic amino acids" refer to:

    <p>(Hydrophilic) amino acids encoded by DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Oligopeptides" contain how many amino acids?

    <p>~2-20</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum number of amino acids required to form a protein?

    <p>50</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme catalyzes the process of transcription in a cell?

    <p>RNA polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of transport proteins in living organisms?

    <p>Facilitate the movement of molecules across cell membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which process is the DNA sequence copied into a complementary RNA molecule?

    <p>Transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of proteins can be categorized as metabolic proteins, contractile proteins, and structural proteins?

    <p>Fibrous proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the role of an amino acid in a protein?

    <p>Distinct side chain (R-group)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of splicing in RNA processing?

    <p>Remove non-coding regions (introns) from RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of membrane proteins in cell-cell recognition?

    <p>Identify and interact with other cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes polypeptides from proteins?

    <p>Length of the amino acid chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to short chains of amino acids?

    <p>Oligopeptides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of transport proteins in living organisms?

    <p>Facilitate movement of ions, nutrients, and other substances across the cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

    <p>Read mRNA sequence and assemble amino acids in the correct order</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of membrane protein forms channels for specific ions or molecules to pass through the cell membrane?

    <p>Channels proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of enzymes among membrane proteins?

    <p>Catalyze chemical reactions on the cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to biologically occurring molecules that consist of an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a side chain?

    <p>Amino Acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific range of amino acids that oligopeptides contain?

    <p>2 to 20 amino acids linked together by peptide bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

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