Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the steady structural and functional state maintained by a normal cell known as?
What is the steady structural and functional state maintained by a normal cell known as?
Which type of adaptation is exemplified by denervation atrophy of skeletal muscles?
Which type of adaptation is exemplified by denervation atrophy of skeletal muscles?
What occurs if the limits of adaptive capability are exceeded, or no adaptive response is possible?
What occurs if the limits of adaptive capability are exceeded, or no adaptive response is possible?
Which type of cells are permanently in G0 phase and unable to divide?
Which type of cells are permanently in G0 phase and unable to divide?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of cells can enter the cell cycle upon stimulation and can undergo hyperplasia and hypertrophy?
Which type of cells can enter the cell cycle upon stimulation and can undergo hyperplasia and hypertrophy?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of cells are continuously dividing and can only undergo hyperplasia?
Which type of cells are continuously dividing and can only undergo hyperplasia?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is an example of physiologic hypertrophy?
Which of the following is an example of physiologic hypertrophy?
Signup and view all the answers
In which condition does physiologic hypertrophy occur?
In which condition does physiologic hypertrophy occur?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is an example of physiologic hypertrophy in the breast?
Which of the following is an example of physiologic hypertrophy in the breast?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of hypertrophy occurs in the right ventricular myocardium in chronic pulmonary diseases with increased resistance in the pulmonary circulation?
Which type of hypertrophy occurs in the right ventricular myocardium in chronic pulmonary diseases with increased resistance in the pulmonary circulation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the cause of pathologic hypertrophy in the left ventricular myocardium in hypertension?
What is the cause of pathologic hypertrophy in the left ventricular myocardium in hypertension?
Signup and view all the answers
In response to which factor does pathologic hypertrophy develop in the myocardium?
In response to which factor does pathologic hypertrophy develop in the myocardium?
Signup and view all the answers
Which pathway is activated in physiologic conditions to induce skeletal/cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to increased mechanical load?
Which pathway is activated in physiologic conditions to induce skeletal/cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to increased mechanical load?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the mechanism of mechanical-demand-induced hypertrophy in pathologic conditions?
What is the mechanism of mechanical-demand-induced hypertrophy in pathologic conditions?
Signup and view all the answers
Which factor is involved in the activation of mechanical sensors to induce skeletal/cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to increased mechanical load?
Which factor is involved in the activation of mechanical sensors to induce skeletal/cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to increased mechanical load?
Signup and view all the answers
Which organelle shows an increase in size and number during hypertrophy?
Which organelle shows an increase in size and number during hypertrophy?
Signup and view all the answers
What structural change is associated with nuclear hypertrophy?
What structural change is associated with nuclear hypertrophy?
Signup and view all the answers
In hypertrophy, what undergoes an increase in size and number as a form of cellular adaptation?
In hypertrophy, what undergoes an increase in size and number as a form of cellular adaptation?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is an example of hormone-induced hyperplasia in physiologic conditions?
Which of the following is an example of hormone-induced hyperplasia in physiologic conditions?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of hyperplasia coincides with hypertrophy in many organs?
Which type of hyperplasia coincides with hypertrophy in many organs?
Signup and view all the answers
In which condition does smooth muscle cell hyperplasia occur?
In which condition does smooth muscle cell hyperplasia occur?
Signup and view all the answers
What can cause hyperplasia of the submucosal glands in the bronchial wall?
What can cause hyperplasia of the submucosal glands in the bronchial wall?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of hyperplasia is associated with endometrial hyperplasia?
Which type of hyperplasia is associated with endometrial hyperplasia?
Signup and view all the answers
What can lead to benign prostate hyperplasia?
What can lead to benign prostate hyperplasia?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a characteristic of pathologic hyperplasia?
Which of the following is a characteristic of pathologic hyperplasia?
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishes neoplasia from hyperplasia?
What distinguishes neoplasia from hyperplasia?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of hyperplasia is reversible?
Which type of hyperplasia is reversible?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the mechanism involved in atrophy due to decreased protein synthesis?
What is the mechanism involved in atrophy due to decreased protein synthesis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the result of atrophy involving lysosomal degradation?
What is the result of atrophy involving lysosomal degradation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the consequence of atrophy involving residual bodies containing lipofuscin?
What is the consequence of atrophy involving residual bodies containing lipofuscin?
Signup and view all the answers
In the early stage of atrophy, what contributes to reduced cell size?
In the early stage of atrophy, what contributes to reduced cell size?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a characteristic of the advanced stage of atrophy?
What is a characteristic of the advanced stage of atrophy?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the consequence of lipofuscin accumulation in atrophy?
What is the consequence of lipofuscin accumulation in atrophy?
Signup and view all the answers
Which structure undergoes physiologic atrophy during fetal development?
Which structure undergoes physiologic atrophy during fetal development?
Signup and view all the answers
Where does atrophy occur after menopause?
Where does atrophy occur after menopause?
Signup and view all the answers
Which muscle undergoes atrophy after delivery?
Which muscle undergoes atrophy after delivery?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following structures undergoes physiologic atrophy during fetal development?
Which of the following structures undergoes physiologic atrophy during fetal development?
Signup and view all the answers
After menopause, which of the following undergoes atrophy?
After menopause, which of the following undergoes atrophy?
Signup and view all the answers
Which structure undergoes atrophy after delivery?
Which structure undergoes atrophy after delivery?
Signup and view all the answers
Which condition can lead to skeletal muscle atrophy?
Which condition can lead to skeletal muscle atrophy?
Signup and view all the answers
What can cause atrophy of target organs like the thyroid or adrenal glands?
What can cause atrophy of target organs like the thyroid or adrenal glands?
Signup and view all the answers
Which factor can lead to organ atrophy due to chronic ischemia?
Which factor can lead to organ atrophy due to chronic ischemia?
Signup and view all the answers
What is an example of pressure atrophy according to the given text?
What is an example of pressure atrophy according to the given text?
Signup and view all the answers
What can result in brain atrophy according to the given text?
What can result in brain atrophy according to the given text?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the consequence of obstruction to urinary flow as per the given text?
What is the consequence of obstruction to urinary flow as per the given text?
Signup and view all the answers
Which condition is characterized by severe caloric deficiency leading to generalized atrophy?
Which condition is characterized by severe caloric deficiency leading to generalized atrophy?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the consequence of severe protein-caloric deficiency in Kwashiorkor?
What is the consequence of severe protein-caloric deficiency in Kwashiorkor?
Signup and view all the answers
In which group of patients is TNF release commonly observed due to severe acute malnutrition?
In which group of patients is TNF release commonly observed due to severe acute malnutrition?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of metaplasia as mentioned in the text?
What is the purpose of metaplasia as mentioned in the text?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the clinical significance of epithelial metaplasia according to the text?
What is the clinical significance of epithelial metaplasia according to the text?
Signup and view all the answers
In metaplasia, replacement of one adult cell type by another occurs within which parameter as mentioned in the text?
In metaplasia, replacement of one adult cell type by another occurs within which parameter as mentioned in the text?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is an example of metaplasia in the respiratory system?
Which of the following is an example of metaplasia in the respiratory system?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a clinically significant example of metaplasia in the uterine cervix?
What is a clinically significant example of metaplasia in the uterine cervix?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following represents a metaplastic change associated with Barrett esophagus?
Which of the following represents a metaplastic change associated with Barrett esophagus?
Signup and view all the answers
