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Cell Walls and Glycocalyx in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

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Cell Walls and Glycocalyx in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of prokaryotic cell walls?

To synthesize proteins

To provide shape and protect against osmotic pressure (correct)

To regulate cell growth

To facilitate cell movement

Which type of bacteria has a thicker peptidoglycan layer in its cell wall?

Gram-negative bacteria

Neither gram-positive nor gram-negative bacteria

Both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria

Gram-positive bacteria (correct)

What is the main component of plant cell walls?

Peptidoglycan

Cellulose (correct)

Glycocalyx

Chitin

What is the function of the glycocalyx in prokaryotes?

To protect against host defenses Signup and view all the answers

What is the glycocalyx equivalent in animal cells?

Extracellular matrix Signup and view all the answers

In which type of cells is the glycocalyx equivalent known as the extracellular matrix?

Animal cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in terms of cell wall structure?

Thickness of peptidoglycan layer Signup and view all the answers

In which of the following organisms is the cell wall composed of chitin?

Fungi Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the glycocalyx in prokaryotes?

Aiding in adherence and protection from host defenses Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic shared by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell walls?

Providing shape and protection against osmotic pressure Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Walls

Prokaryotic cell walls are composed of peptidoglycan, providing shape and protection against osmotic pressure.
Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria have distinct cell wall structures.
Eukaryotic cell walls are found in plants, algae, and fungi, but not in animal cells.
They are made of various substances, including cellulose in plants and chitin in fungi.

Glycocalyx

In prokaryotes, glycocalyx is often involved in adherence and protection from host defenses.
It can be a capsule or a slime layer.
In eukaryotes, glycocalyx is generally less structured than in prokaryotes.
In animal cells, it's known as the extracellular matrix.
The extracellular matrix is involved in protection, immunity to infection, and recognition of other cells.

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Description

Compare and contrast the composition and function of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell walls, as well as the glycocalyx in prokaryotes. Learn about the differences between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and the unique features of plant, algae, and fungal cell walls.