Cell Types: Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes

• Jen is a cell

Multicellular Organisms

• Composed of multiple cells that cooperate to sustain life.
• Examples include epithelial cells, leaf cells, nerve cells, red blood cells, and xylem.

Unicellular Organisms

• Consist of a single cell capable of performing all necessary functions for survival.
• Examples are amoeba, bacteria, paramecium, and yeast.
• This single cell can survive on its own

Prokaryotes

• Lack a nucleus, possessing circular DNA.
• Do not have membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus.
• Generally small in size, ranging from 0.1 to 5.0 µm.
• Reproduce asexually through binary fission.
• Examples: Escherichia Coli (E. Coli), Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Thermophiles

Eukaryotes

• Contain a nucleus with linear DNA organized into chromosomes.
• Generally larger, with sizes ranging from 10 to 100 µm.
• Capable of both asexual (mitosis) and sexual (meiosis) reproduction.
• Examples: Amoeba, Chlorella, Diatoms, Paramecium, Yeast

Plant Cells

• Possess cell walls, which are rigid structures made of cellulose that protect and support the cell.
• Contain vacuoles for storing raw materials.
• Plastids, such as chloroplasts, are double-membraned organelles.
• Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and conduct photosynthesis.
• Other plastids include chromoplasts, which provide yellow and orange colors, and leucoplasts, which store raw materials.

Cellulose and Chitin

• Cellulose is made of glucose (sugar).
• Chitin is a derivative of glucose and other proteins.

Animal Cells

• Centrioles organize microtubules, support cell division, and form spindle fibers.
• Spindle fibers are crucial during mitosis.
• Mitosis is essential for cell division, growth, and repair.

Chlorophyll

• It is a green pigment found in chloroplasts.

Chromoplast

• Gives flowers and fruits their yellow and orange color

Leucoplast

• Colorless plastids that store raw materials.