Cell Structures in Plant and Animal Cells

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Questions and Answers

What structure is characteristic of nerve cells?

Chloroplasts

Vacuoles

Cell wall

Cell body (correct)

Which type of tissue is specialized for absorption and secretion?

Connective tissue

Muscle tissue

Epithelial tissue (correct)

Nervous tissue

Which of the following is NOT a type of connective tissue?

Cartilage

Ligaments

Skeletal muscle (correct)

Blood

Which type of muscle tissue is involuntary?

Cardiac muscle Signup and view all the answers

What are ova or egg cells characterized as?

Female sex cells Signup and view all the answers

Which component holds muscles to bones?

Tendons Signup and view all the answers

Which cell type is responsible for the conduction of impulses?

Nerve cells Signup and view all the answers

What type of muscle cells allow for movement in the stomach without conscious control?

Smooth muscle cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is found only in plant cells?

Chloroplast Signup and view all the answers

What structure is present in both plant and animal cells?

Nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for energy production in both plant and animal cells?

Mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of tissue found in humans?

Blood Signup and view all the answers

Which of these organelles is not found in animal cells?

Chloroplast Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ribosomes in cells?

Protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

Which structure regulates the entry and exit of substances in all cells?

Cell membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is correct regarding centrioles?

They are involved in the formation of spindle fibers during cell division. Signup and view all the answers

What type of muscle is also referred to as visceral or smooth muscle?

Involuntary muscle Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle is controlled voluntarily and appears striated?

Skeletal muscle Signup and view all the answers

What are the main functions of motor neurons?

Convey nerve impulses between the CNS and muscles or glands Signup and view all the answers

Which type of meristem is responsible for the increase in the length of stems and roots?

Apical meristem Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes permanent tissues from meristematic tissues in plants?

Meristematic tissues consist of immature and actively dividing cells Signup and view all the answers

Which type of neuron is responsible for conveying impulses within the central nervous system?

Interneurons Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle is responsible for heart contractions and is striated in appearance?

Cardiac muscle Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is NOT true of skeletal muscle?

It makes up the heart Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Structures in Plant and Animal Cells

Cell Wall: Present in plant cells; provides structure and protection; absent in animal cells.
Cell Membrane: Present in both plant and animal cells; regulates entry and exit of substances.
Ribosomes: Found in both types of cells; essential for protein synthesis.
Nucleus: Common in both plant and animal cells; controls cell activities and contains genetic material.
Mitochondria: Present in both cell types; powerhouse of the cell, produces energy.
Chloroplasts: Unique to plant cells; site of photosynthesis, converting sunlight into energy.
Centrioles: Exclusive to animal cells; involved in cell division and formation of spindle fibers.
Vacuole: Present in both; larger in plant cells, used for storage and maintaining turgor pressure.
Golgi Apparatus: Found in both; modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion.
Endoplasmic Reticulum: Present in both; involved in the synthesis of proteins (rough ER) and lipids (smooth ER).

Human Cells and Their Functions

Blood Cells: Comprise red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, floating in plasma; crucial for transport and immune response.
Nerve Cells (Neurons): Specialized for impulse conduction, consisting of a cell body, axon, and dendrites.
Skeletal Muscle Cells: Known as striated muscle cells; exhibit a striped appearance under a microscope, enabling voluntary movement.
Ova (Egg Cells): Female sex cells produced by ovaries; essential for reproduction.
Sperm Cells: Male sex cells produced by testes; vital for fertilization.

Types of Tissues in Animal Cells

Epithelial Tissue: Composed of closely packed cells; lines cavities and surfaces, enabling absorption, secretion, and sensation.
Connective Tissue: Supports and holds body parts together; includes ligaments (bone to bone), tendons (muscle to bone), and specialized types like cartilage and blood.
Muscle Tissue: Responsible for movement; includes:
- Involuntary Muscle: Not consciously controlled, e.g., stomach muscles (smooth muscle).
- Voluntary Muscle: Under conscious control, e.g., skeletal muscle.
- Cardiac Muscle: Involuntary and striated, making up the heart.

Types of Neurons

Motor Neurons (Efferent): Transmit impulses from the Central Nervous System (CNS) to muscles or glands.
Sensory Neurons (Afferent): Carry impulses from sensory receptors to the CNS.
Interneurons (Association Neurons): Connect various parts of the CNS, facilitating communication.

Plant Tissues

Meristematic Tissues: Responsible for producing new cells; composed of undifferentiated cells; found in growth tips of roots and stems.
Apical Meristems: Found at stem and root tips; responsible for length growth.
Lateral Meristems: Located on the sides of stems and roots; responsible for width growth.
Permanent Tissues: Composed of mature, differentiated cells; fulfill specific functions within the plant.

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Description

Explore the differences and similarities between plant and animal cell structures in this quiz. From the unique components like cell walls and chloroplasts to shared organelles such as the nucleus and mitochondria, test your knowledge about essential cell biology concepts.