Cells and Their Functions

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of mitochondria in a cell?

Break down waste

Package materials

Produce proteins

Convert food into energy (correct)

Which structure is exclusive to animal cells?

Chloroplast

Lysosome (correct)

Vacuole

Cell wall

What type of organism consists of only one cell?

Microscopic organism

Aquatic organism

Multicellular organism

Unicellular organism (correct)

What is the role of ribosomes in a cell?

Produce proteins Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for transporting and packaging materials within a cell?

Golgi apparatus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of multicellular organisms?

Cells perform essential functions collectively Signup and view all the answers

What component of the cell contains the genetic blueprint?

Nucleus Signup and view all the answers

How do prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells have organelles with specialized functions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Xylem in the plant transport system?

To transport water and minerals. Signup and view all the answers

What role do alveoli play in the respiratory system?

They exchange carbon dioxide for oxygen. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle is responsible for involuntary actions such as digestion?

Smooth muscle Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a force?

A push, pull, or twist that can alter an object's motion. Signup and view all the answers

What components make up the nervous system?

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and senses. Signup and view all the answers

Which system is primarily involved in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide?

Respiratory system Signup and view all the answers

How does the heart contribute to the circulatory system?

It pumps blood through blood vessels. Signup and view all the answers

What role does the skeletal system play in the body?

Provide structure, support, and protection. Signup and view all the answers

What is the essence of the first law of motion?

It describes the permanence of an object's movement unless disturbed. Signup and view all the answers

What does the second law of motion imply about acceleration?

It is directly proportional to the net force acting on it. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Phloem in plants?

Transport food and vitamins. Signup and view all the answers

What is potential energy?

Energy stored due to an object's position. Signup and view all the answers

How do reflex reactions occur according to the nervous system?

Automatically without conscious thought. Signup and view all the answers

Which is not a component of the muscular system?

Adipose tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of capillaries in the circulatory system?

They transport oxygen and nutrients to cells. Signup and view all the answers

Which force is considered a non-contact force?

Magnetic Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cells

Building blocks of life surrounded by a membrane
Contain structures with specific functions:
- Nucleus: control center housing DNA (genetic blueprint)
- Mitochondria: powerhouses converting food into energy
- Ribosomes: produce proteins essential for cellular functions
- Endoplasmic reticulum: transports and packages materials
- Golgi apparatus: packages and processes proteins
- Lysosomes: break down waste
Classified into prokaryotic (simpler, no nucleus) and eukaryotic (more complex, with nucleus and membrane-bound organelles)
Perform vital functions like growth, repair, energy production, reproduction, communication, and defense, essential for all life on Earth.

Comparing Animal and Plant Cells

Only Animal Cells: Many small vacuoles and vesicles, centrosome and centrioles, lysosomes
Both Animal and Plant Cells: Cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi body, nucleus and nucleolus, rough ER and ribosomes
Only Plant Cells: Cell wall, one central vacuole, chloroplasts

Organelles

Specialized structures within a cell that perform specific functions
Examples: nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vacuoles
Work together to ensure the cell's survival and proper functioning.

Unicellular vs Multicellular Organisms

Unicellular: Made up of one cell, microscopic, mostly aquatic, primitive.
Multicellular: Made up of many cells, most organisms including animals, cells and organs perform essential functions.

Plant Transport Systems

Plant transport system: how plants consume energy, food, and water.
Vascular tissues: xylem and phloem.
Xylem: Transports water and minerals, consists of long and hollow cells.
Phloem: Transports food and other necessary vitamins, consists of long and thin cells called sieve tubes.

Body Systems

Skeletal System: Network of bones, cartilage, and connective tissue.
- Provides structure, support, and protection to the body
- Crucial role in movement, blood cell production, and mineral storage
- Bones, cartilage, joints, ligaments, and tendons work together to enable body functions
Muscular System: Vital for movement.
- Three types: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac
  - Skeletal muscles: Control voluntary actions, attached to bones.
  - Smooth muscles: Found in tissues and organs like stomach, intestines, facilitate digestion.
  - Cardiac muscles: Help the heart pump blood to muscles.
Nervous System: Controls all body activities.
- Four parts: brain, spinal cord, nerves, and five senses.
- Allows reaction to stimuli (changes in environment)
Respiratory System: Sends signals to lung muscles for breathing.
- Takes up oxygen and expels carbon dioxide.
- Major organ: lungs.
- Other organs: nose, mouth, trachea, breathing muscles.
- Alveoli: tiny air sacs at the end of bronchioles where oxygen exchange occurs.
Circulatory System: Network transporting blood throughout the body.
- Heart pumps blood through blood vessels.
- Delivers oxygen, nutrients, and hormones, removing waste products.
- Blood components: red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma.
- Essential for overall health, ensuring oxygen delivery, nutrient transport, waste removal, hormone distribution, temperature regulation, and immune function.
Digestive System: Breaks down food into nutrients the body can absorb.
- Organs: mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine.
- Enzymes break down food, nutrients are absorbed into bloodstream, waste is eliminated.

Forces

Push, pull, or twist that can change an object's speed, direction, or shape.
Examples: applied contact, spring, drag, friction, buoyancy, tension, gravity (non-contact), magnetic (non-contact), electrostatic (non-contact).

Motion

Change in position.
Relative: described in relation to a reference point.

Laws of Motion

First Law (Inertia): An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion at a constant velocity unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
Second Law (Acceleration): An object's acceleration is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass.
Third Law (Action-Reaction Pairs): For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Energy

Ability to do work or cause change.
Forms: kinetic, potential, thermal, electrical, chemical, nuclear.

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Description

Explore the fundamental building blocks of life through this quiz on cells. Learn about the key structures within cells, their specific functions, and the differences between animal and plant cells. Perfect for biology enthusiasts and students alike.