Cell Structure Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the cytoplasm?

Jelly-like substance within the plasma membrane, in which organelles are suspended.

What is a lysosome?

Sac filled with digestive chemicals.

What do mitochondria do?

Convert nutrients into energy; they are known as the 'powerhouse' of the cell.

What is the function of a centriole?

Organizes the motion of chromosomes during cell division. Signup and view all the answers

What is the endoplasmic reticulum?

Passageways where chemicals are made; fluid-filled tubes transport materials, like proteins, throughout the cell. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a vacuole?

Sac that stores water, nutrients, or waste products; sometimes maintains fluid pressure (turgor) within the cell. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the cell membrane?

Surrounds and protects the cell; controls what goes in and out of the cell. Signup and view all the answers

What does the nucleus contain?

DNA and directs the cell. Signup and view all the answers

What do ribosomes do?

Small structure that synthesizes proteins. Signup and view all the answers

What is the nuclear membrane?

Membrane that protects the nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Golgi apparatus?

Stack of membranes that packages chemicals and processes materials to be removed from the cell. Signup and view all the answers

What is a vesicle?

Package created by the Golgi apparatus. Signup and view all the answers

What does the nucleolus manufacture?

Ribosomes. Signup and view all the answers

What do chloroplasts do?

Convert sunlight to chemical energy; have chlorophyll and carry out photosynthesis. Signup and view all the answers

What helps support the plant cell?

Cell wall and the cell membrane. Signup and view all the answers

What structures are present in an animal cell, but not in a plant cell?

Centrioles, lysosomes, vacuoles (animals have multiple and small). Signup and view all the answers

What structures are present in a plant cell, but not in an animal cell?

Chloroplasts, cell wall, plastids. Signup and view all the answers

What is the cell wall?

Outside the cell membrane in a plant cell; rigid and protects the cell from damage. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Components and Their Functions

Cytoplasm: Jelly-like substance filling the plasma membrane; houses organelles.
Lysosome: Contains digestive chemicals for breaking down waste materials.
Mitochondria: Known as the "powerhouse of the cell"; converts nutrients into energy.
Centriole: Organizes chromosome motion during cell division, ensuring proper genetic distribution.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Network of fluid-filled tubes; synthesizes chemicals and transports proteins within the cell.
Vacuole: Storage sac for water, nutrients, and waste; helps maintain turgor pressure in plant cells.
Cell Membrane: Protective outer layer of the cell; regulates entry and exit of substances.
Nucleus: Houses DNA; directs cellular activities and functions.
Ribosome: Small structure responsible for protein synthesis.
Nuclear Membrane: Protective membrane surrounding the nucleus, maintaining a controlled environment.
Golgi Apparatus: Stack of membranes that packages and processes chemicals for secretion.
Vesicle: Small package formed from the Golgi apparatus for transporting materials.
Nucleolus: Site of ribosome production within the nucleus.
Chloroplast: Contains chlorophyll; converts sunlight into chemical energy through photosynthesis.
Cell Wall: Rigid structure outside the cell membrane in plant cells; provides protection and support.

Differences Between Plant and Animal Cells

Animal Cell Structures: Centrioles, lysosomes, and smaller vacuoles are characteristic features.
Plant Cell Structures: Contain chloroplasts, a cell wall, and plastids for storage and pigment.

Additional Structures

Plastids: Variety of organelles in plant cells used for storing food and pigments.

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Description

Test your knowledge with these flashcards on cell structures and their functions. Each card provides essential definitions that are vital for understanding cellular biology. Perfect for students learning about the components of cells.