Questions and Answers
What is an organelle?
Structures that make up a cell.
Which cell type does not contain centrioles?
What is the function of the nucleus?
It directs all activities of the cell and creates DNA.
What does the nucleolus do?
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What surrounds the nucleus?
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What is the other name for the plasma membrane?
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What is cytoplasm?
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What do ribosomes synthesize?
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What are mitochondria known as?
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What is the function of a vacuole?
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What are the roles of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
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What does the Golgi apparatus do?
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What are lysosomes often referred to as?
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What structure is used for the organization of chromosomes?
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What cell structures are specific to plant cells?
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What are lysosomes comparable to in an animal cell?
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The ______ is the powerhouse of the cell.
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Match the following structures with their functions:
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What is included in cell organization?
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Study Notes
Cell Structure Overview
- Organelles are the various structures that compose a cell, each with specific functions.
Animal Cell Characteristics
- Animal cells lack cell wall, chloroplasts, and plastids, which distinguish them from plant cells.
- Centrioles and lysosomes are exclusive to animal cells, aiding in cell division and waste breakdown.
Nucleus
- Serves as the control center of the cell, directing activities and housing DNA.
Nucleolus
- Found within the nucleus; responsible for ribosome production.
Nuclear Membrane
- Encloses the nucleus, regulating entry and exit of substances.
Plasma Membrane (Cell Membrane)
- Provides shape and selectively allows substances in and out, maintaining homeostasis.
Cytoplasm
- A jelly-like substance that suspends organelles within the plasma membrane.
Ribosomes
- Small structures that synthesize proteins essential for cellular functions.
Mitochondria
- Known as the powerhouse of the cell, converts nutrients into energy.
Vacuole
- Acts as a storage space for water, nutrients, and waste products.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
- Comprises smooth and rough types; involved in protein and lipid synthesis and transportation within the cell.
Golgi Body (Golgi Apparatus)
- Stacks of membranes that package and distribute chemicals outside the cell.
Lysosomes
- Contains digestive enzymes that break down waste and old cellular components.
Centrioles
- Organizes chromosome movement during cell division; unique to animal cells.
Vesicles
- Small packages formed by the Golgi apparatus for transporting materials.
Differences Between Plant and Animal Cells
- Animal cells contain centrioles and lysosomes; plant cells do not.
- Plant cells have cell walls, chloroplasts, and plastids, absent in animal cells.
Cell Organization Hierarchy
- Levels of organization: cell → tissue → organ → organ system → organism.
- Example: Red blood cells (cell) → muscle tissue (tissue) → heart (organ) → circulatory system (organ system) → any living thing (organism).
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Test your knowledge of cell structure with these flashcards! Each card highlights key organelles and their functions, helping you understand the components that make up animal cells. Perfect for students studying biology or preparing for exams.