Science: Cell Structure Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is an organelle?

Structures that make up a cell.

Which cell type does not contain centrioles?

Both

Plant Cell (correct)

Neither

Animal Cell

What is the function of the nucleus?

It directs all activities of the cell and creates DNA.

What does the nucleolus do?

Makes the ribosomes. Signup and view all the answers

What surrounds the nucleus?

Nuclear Membrane. Signup and view all the answers

What is the other name for the plasma membrane?

Cell membrane. Signup and view all the answers

What is cytoplasm?

Jelly-like substance within the plasma membrane that holds organelles in place. Signup and view all the answers

What do ribosomes synthesize?

Proteins. Signup and view all the answers

What are mitochondria known as?

The powerhouse of the cell. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a vacuole?

Storage area for water, nutrients, or waste products. Signup and view all the answers

What are the roles of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

Passageways for making chemicals and carrying substances throughout the cell. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Golgi apparatus do?

Packages chemicals and directs substances out of the cell. Signup and view all the answers

What are lysosomes often referred to as?

Custodians. Signup and view all the answers

What structure is used for the organization of chromosomes?

Centrioles. Signup and view all the answers

What cell structures are specific to plant cells?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What are lysosomes comparable to in an animal cell?

Custodians Signup and view all the answers

The ______ is the powerhouse of the cell.

Mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

Match the following structures with their functions:

Nucleus = Controls cell activities Ribosomes = Synthesize proteins Vesicles = Package created by Golgi apparatus Cytoplasm = Holds organelles in place Lysosomes = Digest old cell parts Signup and view all the answers

What is included in cell organization?

Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Structure Overview

Organelles are the various structures that compose a cell, each with specific functions.

Animal Cell Characteristics

Animal cells lack cell wall, chloroplasts, and plastids, which distinguish them from plant cells.
Centrioles and lysosomes are exclusive to animal cells, aiding in cell division and waste breakdown.

Nucleus

Serves as the control center of the cell, directing activities and housing DNA.

Nucleolus

Found within the nucleus; responsible for ribosome production.

Nuclear Membrane

Encloses the nucleus, regulating entry and exit of substances.

Plasma Membrane (Cell Membrane)

Provides shape and selectively allows substances in and out, maintaining homeostasis.

Cytoplasm

A jelly-like substance that suspends organelles within the plasma membrane.

Ribosomes

Small structures that synthesize proteins essential for cellular functions.

Mitochondria

Known as the powerhouse of the cell, converts nutrients into energy.

Vacuole

Acts as a storage space for water, nutrients, and waste products.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Comprises smooth and rough types; involved in protein and lipid synthesis and transportation within the cell.

Golgi Body (Golgi Apparatus)

Stacks of membranes that package and distribute chemicals outside the cell.

Lysosomes

Contains digestive enzymes that break down waste and old cellular components.

Centrioles

Organizes chromosome movement during cell division; unique to animal cells.

Vesicles

Small packages formed by the Golgi apparatus for transporting materials.

Differences Between Plant and Animal Cells

Animal cells contain centrioles and lysosomes; plant cells do not.
Plant cells have cell walls, chloroplasts, and plastids, absent in animal cells.

Cell Organization Hierarchy

Levels of organization: cell → tissue → organ → organ system → organism.
Example: Red blood cells (cell) → muscle tissue (tissue) → heart (organ) → circulatory system (organ system) → any living thing (organism).

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Description

Test your knowledge of cell structure with these flashcards! Each card highlights key organelles and their functions, helping you understand the components that make up animal cells. Perfect for students studying biology or preparing for exams.