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Questions and Answers
Where is a bacterial cell's DNA found?
Where is a bacterial cell's DNA found?
Nucleoid Region
What is the function of a bacterium's capsule?
What is the function of a bacterium's capsule?
Protection and keep shape
What are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface?
What are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface?
Fimbriae
In a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized?
In a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized?
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What name is given to the rigid structure that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell?
What name is given to the rigid structure that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell?
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What is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier?
What is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier?
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What distinguishes a bacterial cell from an animal cell?
What distinguishes a bacterial cell from an animal cell?
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What is cytosol?
What is cytosol?
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What are the two steps in protein synthesis?
What are the two steps in protein synthesis?
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What are the two kinds of nucleic acids?
What are the two kinds of nucleic acids?
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What is the function of the mitochondrion?
What is the function of the mitochondrion?
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Where is most of a cell's DNA located?
Where is most of a cell's DNA located?
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What is the double membrane that encloses the nucleus?
What is the double membrane that encloses the nucleus?
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What is the name given to the strands containing DNA along with associated protein?
What is the name given to the strands containing DNA along with associated protein?
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Where are ribosomal subunits made?
Where are ribosomal subunits made?
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What small structures serve as the sites of protein synthesis?
What small structures serve as the sites of protein synthesis?
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What is membranous tubules and sacs where secretory proteins and membranes are manufactured?
What is membranous tubules and sacs where secretory proteins and membranes are manufactured?
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What is the portion of the endomembrane system important in lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium storage?
What is the portion of the endomembrane system important in lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium storage?
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What organelle modifies, stores, and repackages products of the ER?
What organelle modifies, stores, and repackages products of the ER?
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Where would you find a stockpile of digestive enzymes?
Where would you find a stockpile of digestive enzymes?
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Where can you find the rods that shape and support the cell?
Where can you find the rods that shape and support the cell?
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Which organelle carries out diverse metabolic processes and produces hydrogen peroxide?
Which organelle carries out diverse metabolic processes and produces hydrogen peroxide?
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What are thin, solid protein rods involved in cell support and movement?
What are thin, solid protein rods involved in cell support and movement?
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Where are tight junctions located?
Where are tight junctions located?
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Lysosomes are only located in which type of cells?
Lysosomes are only located in which type of cells?
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What is the process by which a DNA template is used for the manufacture of RNA?
What is the process by which a DNA template is used for the manufacture of RNA?
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What is the process by which information encoded in RNA is used to manufacture a polypeptide?
What is the process by which information encoded in RNA is used to manufacture a polypeptide?
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What name is given to the process in which pre-mRNA is edited into mRNA?
What name is given to the process in which pre-mRNA is edited into mRNA?
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During cell reproduction, chromatin fibers coil up into structures called?
During cell reproduction, chromatin fibers coil up into structures called?
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Study Notes
Bacterial Cells
- DNA is located in the Nucleoid Region of a bacterial cell.
- The capsule provides protection and maintains cell shape.
- Fimbriae enable bacteria to adhere to surfaces.
- Proteins in bacteria are synthesized at ribosomes.
Cell Structures
- The Cell Wall surrounds and supports the bacterial cell, providing rigidity.
- The Plasma Membrane acts as a selective barrier for nutrient and waste exchange.
- Bacterial cells are distinguished from animal cells by the presence of a cell wall.
Cellular Components
- Cytosol is a jellylike fluid that fills the interior of all cells.
- Protein synthesis consists of two main steps: transcription (DNA to RNA) and translation (RNA to protein).
- The two types of nucleic acids are DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (Ribonucleic acid).
Eukaryotic Cells
- Mitochondria perform cellular respiration, converting chemical energy from nutrients into ATP.
- The majority of a cell's DNA is contained within the Nucleus, which is surrounded by the Nuclear Envelope.
- Chromatin comprises strands of DNA and associated proteins that form genes.
Ribosomes and ER
- Ribosomal subunits are produced in the Nucleolus, where ribosomes also function as protein synthesis sites.
- Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum is involved in manufacturing secretory proteins and membranes.
- Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum specializes in lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium storage.
Golgi Apparatus and Lysosomes
- The Golgi Apparatus modifies, stores, and repackages products from the ER, primarily for secretion.
- Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes for nutrient breakdown, bacteria destruction, recycling, and developmental processes.
Cytoskeleton Components
- Microtubules form tracks that support the cell and facilitate organelle movement.
- Peroxisomes conduct various metabolic processes and convert hydrogen peroxide to water.
- Microfilaments are thin protein rods crucial for cell support and movement, particularly in muscle cells.
Cell Junctions and Specific Structures
- Tight junctions are found in epithelial tissues, aiding in cell adhesion.
- Lysosomes are unique to animal cells, unlike plant cells which lack this organelle.
Genetic Processes
- Transcription is the process by which a DNA template is used to create different types of RNA.
- Translation refers to the use of RNA to synthesize polypeptides (proteins).
- RNA Processing edits pre-mRNA into mature mRNA before translation.
- During cell reproduction, chromatin condenses into chromosomes.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge with these flashcards on Chapter 4 of Biology. This set covers essential concepts about bacterial cell structure, including DNA location, capsule function, and protein synthesis. Perfect for reviewing key terms related to microbiology.
