Questions and Answers
Where is a bacterial cell's DNA found?
Nucleoid Region
What is the function of a bacterium's capsule?
Protection and keep shape
What are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface?
Fimbriae
In a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized?
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What name is given to the rigid structure that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell?
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What is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier?
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What distinguishes a bacterial cell from an animal cell?
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What is cytosol?
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What are the two steps in protein synthesis?
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What are the two kinds of nucleic acids?
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What is the function of the mitochondrion?
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Where is most of a cell's DNA located?
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What is the double membrane that encloses the nucleus?
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What is the name given to the strands containing DNA along with associated protein?
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Where are ribosomal subunits made?
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What small structures serve as the sites of protein synthesis?
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What is membranous tubules and sacs where secretory proteins and membranes are manufactured?
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What is the portion of the endomembrane system important in lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium storage?
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What organelle modifies, stores, and repackages products of the ER?
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Where would you find a stockpile of digestive enzymes?
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Where can you find the rods that shape and support the cell?
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Which organelle carries out diverse metabolic processes and produces hydrogen peroxide?
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What are thin, solid protein rods involved in cell support and movement?
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Where are tight junctions located?
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Lysosomes are only located in which type of cells?
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What is the process by which a DNA template is used for the manufacture of RNA?
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What is the process by which information encoded in RNA is used to manufacture a polypeptide?
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What name is given to the process in which pre-mRNA is edited into mRNA?
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During cell reproduction, chromatin fibers coil up into structures called?
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Study Notes
Bacterial Cells
- DNA is located in the Nucleoid Region of a bacterial cell.
- The capsule provides protection and maintains cell shape.
- Fimbriae enable bacteria to adhere to surfaces.
- Proteins in bacteria are synthesized at ribosomes.
Cell Structures
- The Cell Wall surrounds and supports the bacterial cell, providing rigidity.
- The Plasma Membrane acts as a selective barrier for nutrient and waste exchange.
- Bacterial cells are distinguished from animal cells by the presence of a cell wall.
Cellular Components
- Cytosol is a jellylike fluid that fills the interior of all cells.
- Protein synthesis consists of two main steps: transcription (DNA to RNA) and translation (RNA to protein).
- The two types of nucleic acids are DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (Ribonucleic acid).
Eukaryotic Cells
- Mitochondria perform cellular respiration, converting chemical energy from nutrients into ATP.
- The majority of a cell's DNA is contained within the Nucleus, which is surrounded by the Nuclear Envelope.
- Chromatin comprises strands of DNA and associated proteins that form genes.
Ribosomes and ER
- Ribosomal subunits are produced in the Nucleolus, where ribosomes also function as protein synthesis sites.
- Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum is involved in manufacturing secretory proteins and membranes.
- Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum specializes in lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium storage.
Golgi Apparatus and Lysosomes
- The Golgi Apparatus modifies, stores, and repackages products from the ER, primarily for secretion.
- Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes for nutrient breakdown, bacteria destruction, recycling, and developmental processes.
Cytoskeleton Components
- Microtubules form tracks that support the cell and facilitate organelle movement.
- Peroxisomes conduct various metabolic processes and convert hydrogen peroxide to water.
- Microfilaments are thin protein rods crucial for cell support and movement, particularly in muscle cells.
Cell Junctions and Specific Structures
- Tight junctions are found in epithelial tissues, aiding in cell adhesion.
- Lysosomes are unique to animal cells, unlike plant cells which lack this organelle.
Genetic Processes
- Transcription is the process by which a DNA template is used to create different types of RNA.
- Translation refers to the use of RNA to synthesize polypeptides (proteins).
- RNA Processing edits pre-mRNA into mature mRNA before translation.
- During cell reproduction, chromatin condenses into chromosomes.
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Description
Test your knowledge with these flashcards on Chapter 4 of Biology. This set covers essential concepts about bacterial cell structure, including DNA location, capsule function, and protein synthesis. Perfect for reviewing key terms related to microbiology.
