80 Questions
Which of the following subatomic particles has a positive electrical charge?
Protons
What is the atomic number of an atom?
The number of protons in an atom
What are isotopes?
Atoms with different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus
What is the average mass of an element's atoms called?
Atomic weight
What are ions?
Atoms or molecules that have an electric charge
What type of chemical bond is created by the electrical attraction between anions and cations?
Ionic bond
What type of covalent bond is formed when electrons are shared equally between atoms?
Nonpolar covalent bond
Which of the following best describes the function of a negative feedback loop in homeostasis?
It maintains stability by reversing the initial stimulus
Which of the following correctly defines an anatomical landmark?
A specific point on the body used as a reference for anatomical positioning
Which of the following correctly describes the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond?
An ionic bond involves the transfer of electrons, while a covalent bond involves the sharing of electrons
Which of the following best describes the function of enzymes?
They break down substances into smaller molecules
Which of the following correctly defines osmosis?
The movement of water from an area of high solute concentration to an area of low solute concentration
Which of the following organelles is responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP?
Mitochondria
Which of the following best describes the process of diffusion?
The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Which of the following is NOT one of the common functions of biology?
Metabolism
What is the process by which cells become specialized for specific functions?
Differentiation
Which of the following is an example of internal movement in the body?
Transporting blood
What is the sum of all chemical operations in the body called?
Metabolism
What is the most common form of regulation in the body?
Negative feedback
What type of feedback reinforces or exaggerates the original stimulus?
Positive feedback
What is the term for the directional terms and regional terms used in anatomy?
Anatomical terminology
Which organelle is responsible for manufacturing proteins in the cell?
Ribosomes
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
Transport of substances within the cell
Which process involves the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane?
Osmosis
What is the function of the plasma membrane in a cell?
Regulating the movement of substances into and out of the cell
Which structure increases the surface area of the plasma membrane and aids in movement?
Microvilli
What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?
Control center of the cell
What is the term for the abnormal growth and division of cells?
Tumors
Which type of tissue covers external surfaces and can be classified based on layers and cell shape?
Epithelial tissue
Which type of tissue provides support and connects different parts of the body?
Connective tissue
Which of the following best describes an atom?
The smallest stable unit of matter
What is the atomic number of an atom?
The number of protons in an atom
What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond?
An ionic bond is formed by the electrical attraction between anions and cations, while a covalent bond is formed by the sharing of electrons
What is the role of enzymes in chemical reactions?
Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction
What type of chemical bond is formed when electrons are shared equally between atoms?
Covalent bond
What is the most common form of regulation in the body?
Negative feedback
What is the function of the plasma membrane in a cell?
To regulate the movement of substances into and out of the cell
Which of the following correctly defines homeostasis?
The maintenance of a stable internal environment
What is the function of negative feedback in homeostasis?
To correct variations back to the normal range
Which of the following correctly describes anatomical terminology?
The use of directional and regional terms in anatomy
What is the function of serous membranes in the body?
To reduce friction between opposing surfaces
Which of the following correctly describes the thoracic cavity?
It houses the heart and lungs
What is the term for the sum of all chemical operations in the body?
Metabolism
What is the term for elements that cannot be changed or broken down into simpler substances?
Elements
Which of the following best describes the difference between negative feedback and positive feedback loops?
Negative feedback loops maintain homeostasis by reversing a change, while positive feedback loops amplify a change and move the body further away from homeostasis.
Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in a cell?
The plasma membrane controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell, maintaining homeostasis.
Which of the following best describes the process of osmosis?
Osmosis is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Which of the following organelles is responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP?
Mitochondria
Which of the following best describes the function of enzymes?
Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy.
Which of the following best describes the process of diffusion?
Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Which of the following best describes the function of the nucleus in a cell?
The nucleus contains the cell's genetic material and controls the cell's activities.
Which of the following is NOT a function of enzymes in the cell?
Specializing cells through cellular differentiation
Which of the following correctly describes the structure of the plasma membrane?
Extremely thin, composed of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates
Which of the following processes involves the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane?
Osmosis
Which of the following correctly describes the function of the nucleus in a cell?
Control center of the cell, surrounded by a double membrane
Which of the following organelles is responsible for manufacturing proteins in the cell?
Endoplasmic reticulum
Which of the following best describes the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
A network of intracellular membranes with four major functions
Which of the following best describes the process of cellular differentiation?
Specializing cells through turning off specific genes
Which of the following best describes the function of mitochondria in the cell?
Providing energy for the cell through energy-producing reactions
Which type of tissue covers external surfaces and can be classified based on layers and cell shape?
Epithelial tissue
Which type of energy is associated with the movement of an object or a change in the physical structure of matter?
Kinetic energy
What is the role of enzymes in chemical reactions?
To lower activation energy
Which type of reaction absorbs more energy than it releases?
Endergonic reaction
What are the three general properties of water that are important in the body?
High heat capacity, excellent solvent, essential reactant
What is the main function of enzymes in cells?
To speed up chemical reactions
Which type of reaction releases more energy than is needed to start it?
Exergonic reaction
What is the term for the amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction?
Activation energy
Which type of energy is associated with stored energy?
Potential energy
What is the function of water as a solvent in the body?
To dissolve polar or ionic substances
What happens to some energy during the conversion from one form to another?
It is released as heat
Which of the following is responsible for increasing the surface area of the plasma membrane and is found on cells that absorb materials?
Cilia
Which of the following is NOT a transport process in cells?
Endocytosis
Which of the following is the control center of the cell and is surrounded by a double membrane?
Nucleus
Which of the following organelles is responsible for manufacturing proteins in the cell?
Ribosomes
Which of the following is the network of intracellular membranes involved in synthesis, storage, transport, and detoxification?
Endoplasmic reticulum
Which of the following provides energy for the cell through energy-producing reactions?
Mitochondria
Which of the following types of tissues covers external surfaces and can be classified based on layers and cell shape?
Epithelial
Which of the following types of tissues is responsible for support and connecting different parts of the body?
Connective
Which of the following is the term for the abnormal growth and division of cells?
Tumors
Which of the following occurs when specific genes are turned off, resulting in specialized cells and tissues?
Cellular differentiation
Study Notes
Cell Structure and Tissue Types
- Enzymes catalyze reactions that sustain life.
- Plasma membrane is extremely thin, composed of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates.
- Different transport processes include diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, active transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis.
- Osmotic flow is influenced by the solute concentration of the solution.
- The nucleus is the control center of the cell, surrounded by a double membrane and contains nuclear pores.
- Microvilli and cilia are projections of the plasma membrane that increase surface area and aid in movement.
- Ribosomes manufacture proteins and can be free or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
- The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of intracellular membranes with four major functions.
- Mitochondria provide energy for the cell through energy-producing reactions.
- Tumors can be benign or malignant and result from abnormal cell growth and division.
- Cellular differentiation occurs when specific genes are turned off, leading to the specialization of cells.
- Epithelial tissue covers external surfaces and can be classified based on layers and cell shape. Connective tissue, mucous membranes, serous membranes, cutaneous membranes, and synovial membranes are other types of tissues found in the body.
Cell Structure and Tissue Types
- Enzymes catalyze reactions that sustain life.
- Plasma membrane is extremely thin, composed of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates.
- Different transport processes include diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, active transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis.
- Osmotic flow is influenced by the solute concentration of the solution.
- The nucleus is the control center of the cell, surrounded by a double membrane and contains nuclear pores.
- Microvilli and cilia are projections of the plasma membrane that increase surface area and aid in movement.
- Ribosomes manufacture proteins and can be free or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
- The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of intracellular membranes with four major functions.
- Mitochondria provide energy for the cell through energy-producing reactions.
- Tumors can be benign or malignant and result from abnormal cell growth and division.
- Cellular differentiation occurs when specific genes are turned off, leading to the specialization of cells.
- Epithelial tissue covers external surfaces and can be classified based on layers and cell shape. Connective tissue, mucous membranes, serous membranes, cutaneous membranes, and synovial membranes are other types of tissues found in the body.
Cell Structure and Tissue Types
- Enzymes catalyze reactions by binding substrates to their active sites, temporarily changing shape.
- Plasma membrane is extremely thin (6nm - 10nm) and composed of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates.
- Transport processes include diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, active transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis.
- Osmotic flow depends on the tonicity of the solution: isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic.
- The nucleus is the control center of the cell, surrounded by a double membrane and contains nuclear pores.
- Microvilli increase the surface area of the plasma membrane, found on cells that absorb materials.
- Cilia are long extensions of the plasma membrane, used for movement or sensing.
- Ribosomes manufacture proteins and exist as free or fixed types.
- Endoplasmic reticulum is a network of intracellular membranes with functions like synthesis, storage, transport, and detoxification.
- Mitochondria provide energy for the cell through energy-producing reactions.
- Tumors can be benign or malignant, with the latter spreading through invasion and metastasis.
- Cellular differentiation occurs when specific genes are turned off, resulting in specialized cells and tissues.
- Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues are the four major tissue types in the body, each with specific characteristics and functions.
Test your knowledge of cell structure and tissue types with this quiz! Learn about enzymes, the plasma membrane, transport processes, the nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria, tumors, cellular differentiation, and various types of tissues found in the body.
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