Cell Structure and Tissue Types Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following subatomic particles has a positive electrical charge?

  • Protons (correct)
  • Ions
  • Neutrons
  • Electrons

    • What is the atomic number of an atom?

  • The average mass of an element's atoms
  • The total number of subatomic particles in an atom
  • The number of neutrons in an atom
  • The number of protons in an atom (correct)

    • What are isotopes?

  • Atoms with different numbers of electrons in the electron cloud
  • Atoms with different numbers of subatomic particles
  • Atoms with different numbers of protons in the nucleus
  • Atoms with different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus (correct)

    • What is the average mass of an element's atoms called?

    <p>Atomic weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are ions?

    <p>Atoms or molecules that have an electric charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of chemical bond is created by the electrical attraction between anions and cations?

    <p>Ionic bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of covalent bond is formed when electrons are shared equally between atoms?

    <p>Nonpolar covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the function of a negative feedback loop in homeostasis?

    <p>It maintains stability by reversing the initial stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly defines an anatomical landmark?

    <p>A specific point on the body used as a reference for anatomical positioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond?

    <p>An ionic bond involves the transfer of electrons, while a covalent bond involves the sharing of electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the function of enzymes?

    <p>They break down substances into smaller molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly defines osmosis?

    <p>The movement of water from an area of high solute concentration to an area of low solute concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organelles is responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the process of diffusion?

    <p>The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the common functions of biology?

    <p>Metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which cells become specialized for specific functions?

    <p>Differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of internal movement in the body?

    <p>Transporting blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sum of all chemical operations in the body called?

    <p>Metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common form of regulation in the body?

    <p>Negative feedback</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of feedback reinforces or exaggerates the original stimulus?

    <p>Positive feedback</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the directional terms and regional terms used in anatomy?

    <p>Anatomical terminology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for manufacturing proteins in the cell?

    <p>Ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>Transport of substances within the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane?

    <p>Osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the plasma membrane in a cell?

    <p>Regulating the movement of substances into and out of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure increases the surface area of the plasma membrane and aids in movement?

    <p>Microvilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?

    <p>Control center of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the abnormal growth and division of cells?

    <p>Tumors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tissue covers external surfaces and can be classified based on layers and cell shape?

    <p>Epithelial tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tissue provides support and connects different parts of the body?

    <p>Connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes an atom?

    <p>The smallest stable unit of matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the atomic number of an atom?

    <p>The number of protons in an atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond?

    <p>An ionic bond is formed by the electrical attraction between anions and cations, while a covalent bond is formed by the sharing of electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of enzymes in chemical reactions?

    <p>Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of chemical bond is formed when electrons are shared equally between atoms?

    <p>Covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common form of regulation in the body?

    <p>Negative feedback</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the plasma membrane in a cell?

    <p>To regulate the movement of substances into and out of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly defines homeostasis?

    <p>The maintenance of a stable internal environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of negative feedback in homeostasis?

    <p>To correct variations back to the normal range</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes anatomical terminology?

    <p>The use of directional and regional terms in anatomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of serous membranes in the body?

    <p>To reduce friction between opposing surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the thoracic cavity?

    <p>It houses the heart and lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the sum of all chemical operations in the body?

    <p>Metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for elements that cannot be changed or broken down into simpler substances?

    <p>Elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the difference between negative feedback and positive feedback loops?

    <p>Negative feedback loops maintain homeostasis by reversing a change, while positive feedback loops amplify a change and move the body further away from homeostasis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in a cell?

    <p>The plasma membrane controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell, maintaining homeostasis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the process of osmosis?

    <p>Osmosis is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organelles is responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the function of enzymes?

    <p>Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the process of diffusion?

    <p>Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the function of the nucleus in a cell?

    <p>The nucleus contains the cell's genetic material and controls the cell's activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of enzymes in the cell?

    <p>Specializing cells through cellular differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the structure of the plasma membrane?

    <p>Extremely thin, composed of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes involves the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane?

    <p>Osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the function of the nucleus in a cell?

    <p>Control center of the cell, surrounded by a double membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organelles is responsible for manufacturing proteins in the cell?

    <p>Endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>A network of intracellular membranes with four major functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the process of cellular differentiation?

    <p>Specializing cells through turning off specific genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the function of mitochondria in the cell?

    <p>Providing energy for the cell through energy-producing reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tissue covers external surfaces and can be classified based on layers and cell shape?

    <p>Epithelial tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of energy is associated with the movement of an object or a change in the physical structure of matter?

    <p>Kinetic energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of enzymes in chemical reactions?

    <p>To lower activation energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reaction absorbs more energy than it releases?

    <p>Endergonic reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three general properties of water that are important in the body?

    <p>High heat capacity, excellent solvent, essential reactant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of enzymes in cells?

    <p>To speed up chemical reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reaction releases more energy than is needed to start it?

    <p>Exergonic reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction?

    <p>Activation energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of energy is associated with stored energy?

    <p>Potential energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of water as a solvent in the body?

    <p>To dissolve polar or ionic substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to some energy during the conversion from one form to another?

    <p>It is released as heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is responsible for increasing the surface area of the plasma membrane and is found on cells that absorb materials?

    <p>Cilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a transport process in cells?

    <p>Endocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the control center of the cell and is surrounded by a double membrane?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organelles is responsible for manufacturing proteins in the cell?

    <p>Ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the network of intracellular membranes involved in synthesis, storage, transport, and detoxification?

    <p>Endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following provides energy for the cell through energy-producing reactions?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of tissues covers external surfaces and can be classified based on layers and cell shape?

    <p>Epithelial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of tissues is responsible for support and connecting different parts of the body?

    <p>Connective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the term for the abnormal growth and division of cells?

    <p>Tumors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following occurs when specific genes are turned off, resulting in specialized cells and tissues?

    <p>Cellular differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell Structure and Tissue Types

    • Enzymes catalyze reactions that sustain life.
    • Plasma membrane is extremely thin, composed of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates.
    • Different transport processes include diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, active transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis.
    • Osmotic flow is influenced by the solute concentration of the solution.
    • The nucleus is the control center of the cell, surrounded by a double membrane and contains nuclear pores.
    • Microvilli and cilia are projections of the plasma membrane that increase surface area and aid in movement.
    • Ribosomes manufacture proteins and can be free or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
    • The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of intracellular membranes with four major functions.
    • Mitochondria provide energy for the cell through energy-producing reactions.
    • Tumors can be benign or malignant and result from abnormal cell growth and division.
    • Cellular differentiation occurs when specific genes are turned off, leading to the specialization of cells.
    • Epithelial tissue covers external surfaces and can be classified based on layers and cell shape. Connective tissue, mucous membranes, serous membranes, cutaneous membranes, and synovial membranes are other types of tissues found in the body.

    Cell Structure and Tissue Types

    • Enzymes catalyze reactions that sustain life.
    • Plasma membrane is extremely thin, composed of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates.
    • Different transport processes include diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, active transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis.
    • Osmotic flow is influenced by the solute concentration of the solution.
    • The nucleus is the control center of the cell, surrounded by a double membrane and contains nuclear pores.
    • Microvilli and cilia are projections of the plasma membrane that increase surface area and aid in movement.
    • Ribosomes manufacture proteins and can be free or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
    • The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of intracellular membranes with four major functions.
    • Mitochondria provide energy for the cell through energy-producing reactions.
    • Tumors can be benign or malignant and result from abnormal cell growth and division.
    • Cellular differentiation occurs when specific genes are turned off, leading to the specialization of cells.
    • Epithelial tissue covers external surfaces and can be classified based on layers and cell shape. Connective tissue, mucous membranes, serous membranes, cutaneous membranes, and synovial membranes are other types of tissues found in the body.

    Cell Structure and Tissue Types

    • Enzymes catalyze reactions by binding substrates to their active sites, temporarily changing shape.
    • Plasma membrane is extremely thin (6nm - 10nm) and composed of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates.
    • Transport processes include diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, active transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis.
    • Osmotic flow depends on the tonicity of the solution: isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic.
    • The nucleus is the control center of the cell, surrounded by a double membrane and contains nuclear pores.
    • Microvilli increase the surface area of the plasma membrane, found on cells that absorb materials.
    • Cilia are long extensions of the plasma membrane, used for movement or sensing.
    • Ribosomes manufacture proteins and exist as free or fixed types.
    • Endoplasmic reticulum is a network of intracellular membranes with functions like synthesis, storage, transport, and detoxification.
    • Mitochondria provide energy for the cell through energy-producing reactions.
    • Tumors can be benign or malignant, with the latter spreading through invasion and metastasis.
    • Cellular differentiation occurs when specific genes are turned off, resulting in specialized cells and tissues.
    • Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues are the four major tissue types in the body, each with specific characteristics and functions.

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    Anatomy Sem 1.docx

    Description

    Test your knowledge of cell structure and tissue types with this quiz! Learn about enzymes, the plasma membrane, transport processes, the nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria, tumors, cellular differentiation, and various types of tissues found in the body.

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