40 Questions
Which type of energy is associated with the movement of an object or a change in the physical structure of matter?
Kinetic energy
What is the role of enzymes in chemical reactions?
To lower activation energy
Which type of reaction absorbs more energy than is released?
Endergonic reaction
What is the most important substance in the body?
Water
What is the function of water in chemical reactions of living systems?
To act as a solvent
Which property of water allows it to absorb and release heat without changing temperature quickly?
High heat capacity
What type of substances are easily dissolved in water?
Hydrophilic substances
What is the capacity to perform work called?
Energy
What is the amount of energy required to start a reaction called?
Activation energy
What do exergonic reactions release?
Energy
Which organelle is responsible for manufacturing proteins in a cell?
Endoplasmic reticulum
What is the function of microvilli?
Increase the surface area of the plasma membrane
What is the role of cilia in a cell?
Increase cell movement
What is the function of the plasma membrane?
Regulate the movement of substances into and out of the cell
What is the primary role of the nucleus in a cell?
Store genetic material
What are the different types of transport processes in a cell?
Diffusion, osmosis, active transport, and endocytosis
What is the role of enzymes in catalyzing reactions?
Change shape temporarily
What determines the osmotic flow in a solution?
The tonicity of the solution
What is the function of mitochondria in a cell?
Provide energy through energy-producing reactions
What are the four major tissue types in the body?
Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous
What type of energy is associated with the movement of an object or a change in the physical structure of matter?
Kinetic energy
What is the most important substance in the body?
Water
What is the function of enzymes in chemical reactions?
To decrease activation energy
Which type of reaction absorbs more energy than is released?
Endergonic reaction
What are the different types of transport processes in a cell?
Active and passive transport
What determines the osmotic flow in a solution?
Concentration gradient
What is the role of cilia in a cell?
To increase surface area for absorption
What is the function of mitochondria in a cell?
To generate ATP
What is the function of the plasma membrane?
To regulate the passage of substances in and out of the cell
What is the capacity to perform work called?
Energy
Which of the following is NOT a transport process in a cell?
Endocytosis
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum in a cell?
Synthesis of proteins
Which type of solution has the same concentration of solutes as the cell?
Isotonic
What is the role of ribosomes in a cell?
Protein synthesis
Which of the following is NOT a major tissue type in the body?
Nervous
What is the role of microvilli in a cell?
Absorption of materials
What is the function of the plasma membrane in a cell?
Protection and regulation of substances
What is the role of the nucleus in a cell?
Control center
What is the primary function of mitochondria in a cell?
Energy production
Which type of tumor spreads through invasion and metastasis?
Malignant
Study Notes
Cell Structure and Tissue Types
- Enzymes catalyze reactions by binding substrates to their active sites, temporarily changing shape.
- Plasma membrane is extremely thin (6nm - 10nm) and composed of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates.
- Transport processes include diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, active transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis.
- Osmotic flow depends on the tonicity of the solution: isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic.
- The nucleus is the control center of the cell, surrounded by a double membrane and contains nuclear pores.
- Microvilli increase the surface area of the plasma membrane, found on cells that absorb materials.
- Cilia are long extensions of the plasma membrane, used for movement or sensing.
- Ribosomes manufacture proteins and exist as free or fixed types.
- Endoplasmic reticulum is a network of intracellular membranes with functions like synthesis, storage, transport, and detoxification.
- Mitochondria provide energy for the cell through energy-producing reactions.
- Tumors can be benign or malignant, with the latter spreading through invasion and metastasis.
- Cellular differentiation occurs when specific genes are turned off, resulting in specialized cells and tissues.
- Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues are the four major tissue types in the body, each with specific characteristics and functions.
Cell Structure and Tissue Types
- Enzymes catalyze reactions by binding substrates to their active sites, temporarily changing shape.
- Plasma membrane is extremely thin (6nm - 10nm) and composed of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates.
- Transport processes include diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, active transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis.
- Osmotic flow depends on the tonicity of the solution: isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic.
- The nucleus is the control center of the cell, surrounded by a double membrane and contains nuclear pores.
- Microvilli increase the surface area of the plasma membrane, found on cells that absorb materials.
- Cilia are long extensions of the plasma membrane, used for movement or sensing.
- Ribosomes manufacture proteins and exist as free or fixed types.
- Endoplasmic reticulum is a network of intracellular membranes with functions like synthesis, storage, transport, and detoxification.
- Mitochondria provide energy for the cell through energy-producing reactions.
- Tumors can be benign or malignant, with the latter spreading through invasion and metastasis.
- Cellular differentiation occurs when specific genes are turned off, resulting in specialized cells and tissues.
- Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues are the four major tissue types in the body, each with specific characteristics and functions.
Test your knowledge on cell structure and tissue types with this quiz! Learn about enzymes, plasma membranes, transport processes, the nucleus, microvilli, cilia, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, tumors, cellular differentiation, and the four major tissue types in the body.
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