Organelles

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Questions and Answers

Which type of endocytosis brings fluid into the cell?

Pinocytosis (correct)

Phagocytosis

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Exocytosis

What is the primary function of vacuoles?

Digestion

Storage (correct)

ATP production

Photosynthesis

What is the structure of mitochondria?

Double membrane (correct)

Folded membrane

Single membrane

No membrane

What is the core function of mitochondria?

ATP production Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of the cell wall in plants and algae?

Cellulose Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

Cell movement Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of vacuoles?

Single membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of chloroplasts?

Double membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of pinocytosis?

Fluid intake Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell's cytoskeleton?

Protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a structural similarity found in most bacterial cells?

Golgi apparatus Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of plasmids in prokaryotic cells?

To help the cell adapt to unusual environmental conditions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a domain according to phylogeny?

Prokarya Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of molecular 'zip codes' in a cell?

To transport materials within the cell Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cells?

Presence of a nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cell's internal skeleton?

To provide structural support Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of a prokaryotic cell's cell wall?

Peptidoglycan Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the prokaryotic cell's chromosome?

Nucleoid region Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells do not. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Synthesis of proteins Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for processing, sorting, and shipping proteins?

Golgi apparatus Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ribosomes?

Protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lysosomes?

Digestion and waste processing Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

They contain ribosomes for protein synthesis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of compartmentalization in eukaryotic cells?

Increasing the efficiency of chemical reactions Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Synthesis of fatty acids and phospholipids Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?

They have a nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

How are materials delivered to lysosomes?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Endocytosis and Cellular Processes

Pinocytosis is a type of endocytosis that brings fluid into the cell, allowing the uptake of small molecules and dissolved substances.
Vacuoles primarily function as storage compartments for substances such as nutrients, waste, and waste products, and help maintain turgor pressure in plant cells.
Mitochondria have a double-membrane structure consisting of an outer membrane and a highly folded inner membrane called cristae, which increases surface area for energy production.
The core function of mitochondria is to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through aerobic respiration, serving as the cell's energy currency.

Cellular Structures and Components

The primary component of the cell wall in plants and algae is cellulose, providing structural support and protection.
Chloroplasts function in photosynthesis, capturing light energy and converting it into chemical energy stored in glucose.
The cytoskeleton provides structural support, helps maintain cell shape, and is involved in cell movement and the transport of materials within the cell.
Vacuoles have a membrane-bound structure filled with liquid, primarily water, and various solutes, playing a key role in maintaining cellular homeostasis.
Chloroplasts have a double-membrane structure with thylakoid membranes arranged in stacks called grana, where light reactions of photosynthesis occur.

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have a defined nucleus and specialized organelles, allowing for greater complexity.
A characteristic difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is that prokaryotic cells typically have a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region, while eukaryotic cells have multiple linear chromosomes within a nucleus.
Plasmids in prokaryotic cells are small, circular pieces of DNA that can carry genes beneficial for survival, such as antibiotic resistance.
Eukaryotic cells exhibit compartmentalization, providing specific environments for different cellular processes, enhancing efficiency and organization.

Organelle Functions

The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is responsible for protein synthesis and modification, as it is studded with ribosomes which facilitate translation.
The Golgi apparatus processes, sorts, and ships proteins received from the endoplasmic reticulum to their final destinations within or outside the cell.
Ribosomes are essential for protein synthesis, translating messenger RNA into polypeptide chains.
Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes to break down waste materials and cellular debris, acting as the cell’s waste disposal system.

Additional Cellular Functions

The internal skeleton or cytoskeleton of cells supports cell structure, enables transport of materials, and facilitates cellular movements such as division and motility.
The composition of a prokaryotic cell's cell wall is primarily made of peptidoglycan, providing rigidity and protection.
The internal delivery of materials to lysosomes occurs via vesicles that fuse with lysosomes, allowing contents to be degraded and recycled.
Molecular 'zip codes' are signals within proteins that direct their transport to specific organelles, ensuring proper localization and function within the cell.

Characteristics of Cells

Prokaryotic cells generally lack organelles, possess a simpler structure, and are usually unicellular, while eukaryotic cells are more complex, can be multicellular, and have diverse functions.
Characteristics of all cells include the presence of a plasma membrane, genetic material, and the machinery to produce proteins.
One domain that is NOT classified according to phylogeny is Viruses, as they do not fit the criteria of cellular life.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the key concepts of organelles and cell structure. Explore the relationship between a cell's composition and its overall shape. Learn about the molecular "zip codes" that aid material transport within the cell. Understand the role of the cytoskeleton in cell division, movement, and transport. Gain insights into the dynamic and integrated nature of cells.