Cell Components and Functions
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Questions and Answers

What is the control center of the cell?

  • Nucleus (correct)
  • Golgi apparatus
  • Centriole
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum

    • Chromatin is composed of what percentages of DNA, RNA, and globular histone proteins?

    30% DNA, 10% RNA, 60% Globular histone proteins

    DNA is organized in the form of chromosomes.

    True

    Where is the nucleolus situated?

    <p>Within the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Golgi apparatus involved in?

    <p>Packaging proteins, lipids, and digestive enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Centriole consist of?

    <p>Nine groups of three hollow tubes called microtubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of centrioles during mitosis?

    <p>They divide, forming two daughter centrioles called diplosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Endoplasmic Reticulum synthesize?

    <p>Proteins and membrane lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Microsomes are small spherical vesicles formed from disrupted endoplasmic reticulum.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do lysosomes contain?

    <p>Activated digestive enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do mitochondria provide for the cell?

    <p>ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cytoplasm surrounded by?

    <p>Cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is nucleoplasm?

    <p>The cytoplasm of the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does phagocytosis refer to?

    <p>Cell eating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is endocytosis?

    <p>When a cell takes in substances near its surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a phagocyte?

    <p>A cell with the ability to ingest and destroy particulate substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does pinocytosis refer to?

    <p>Cell drinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are ribosomes composed of?

    <p>A variety of RNAs and proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a pinocytotic vesicle?

    <p>Vesicle formed by pinocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an enzyme?

    <p>Complex proteins necessary for digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is protoplasm?

    <p>Basic component of all living cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cytology?

    <p>The science of the formation, structure and function of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cytogenesis?

    <p>The organ and development of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does cytophilic mean?

    <p>Having an affinity for or attracted by cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does cytotoxic mean?

    <p>Having an affinity for cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a cytoblast?

    <p>A cell nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does cytolysis refer to?

    <p>Destruction of living cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cytopenia?

    <p>Diminution of cellular elements in blood or other tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does cytoscopy involve?

    <p>Microscopic examination of cells for diagnosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does cytophagy refer to?

    <p>Cell destruction by phagocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cytokinesis?

    <p>The separation of the cytoplasm into two parts during mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does hyaloplasm refer to?

    <p>The fluid portion of protoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is ectoplasm?

    <p>The outermost layer of the cell protoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a plastid?

    <p>A small body of protoplasm primarily found in plant cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a leukoplast?

    <p>Plastid devoid of color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell Components and Functions

    • Nucleus: Control center of the cell, responsible for genetic information transmission and protein synthesis.
    • Chromatin Composition: 30% DNA, 10% RNA, 60% globular histone proteins.
    • DNA Organization: Exists in the form of chromosomes.
    • Nucleolus: Located within the nucleus, contains ribosomal RNA and proteins; crucial for ribosome production.
    • Golgi Apparatus: Organelles with interconnected membranes that package proteins and lipids into vesicles and lysosomes for transport.
    • Centriole: Made up of nine groups of three microtubules, located in the centrosome area; plays a role in cell division.
    • Centrioles Function: Divides during mitosis to form two daughter centrioles known as diplosomes.
    • Endoplasmic Reticulum: Network of canals in the cytoplasm; synthesizes and secretes proteins and lipids for transport.
    • Microsomes: Small vesicles derived from disrupted endoplasmic reticulum.
    • Lysosomes: Organelles involved in cell digestion containing activated digestive enzymes; abundant in phagocytic cells.
    • Mitochondria: Essential for ATP production via aerobic cellular respiration.
    • Cytoplasm: Living material within the cell membrane, mainly composed of water and essential elements like carbon and oxygen.
    • Nucleoplasm: Cytoplasmic substance of the nucleus.

    Cellular Processes

    • Phagocytosis: A process where a cell engulfs external substances by extending its cytoplasm.
    • Endocytosis: Mechanism for a cell to take in substances from its surface.
    • Phagocyte: A cell capable of engulfing and destroying particulate substances through phagocytosis.
    • Pinocytosis: Involves the cell membrane forming a vesicle to uptake surrounding fluid.
    • Pinocytotic Vesicle: Vesicle formed during pinocytosis.

    Cellular Terminology

    • Ribosomes: Composed of various RNAs and proteins, essential for protein synthesis.
    • Protoplasm: Basic component of all living cells, consisting of cytoplasm and nucleoplasm.
    • Cytology: The study of the formation, structure, and function of cells.
    • Cytogenesis: The origin and development of cells.
    • Cytoblast: Refers to the cell nucleus.
    • Cytolysis: The destruction of living cells.
    • Cytopenia: Reduced cellular elements in blood or other tissues.
    • Cytoscopy: Microscopic examination of cells for diagnostic purposes.

    Cellular Development and Structures

    • Cytophagy: Destruction of cells by phagocytes.
    • Cytokinesis: Division of the cytoplasm into two parts during mitosis.
    • Hyaloplasm: Fluid portion of protoplasm, also known as fundamental protoplasm.
    • Ectoplasm: The outermost layer of cell protoplasm.
    • Plastid: Protoplasmic structures mainly found in plant cells.
    • Leukoplast: A colorless plastid involved in storage functions.

    Specialized Terms

    • Cytophilic: Having an attraction to cells.
    • Cytotropic: Demonstrates affinity for cells.
    • Cytoclastic: Destructive to cells.
    • Cytosis: Refers to various cellular processes involving movement of substances in and out of cells.

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    Description

    This quiz covers various components of a cell and their specific functions. You'll explore the roles of the nucleus, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, and other organelles crucial for cellular activities. Test your knowledge on how these structures contribute to the overall functioning of cells.

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