Cell Components and Functions

Cell Components and Functions

• Nucleus: Control center of the cell, responsible for genetic information transmission and protein synthesis.
• Chromatin Composition: 30% DNA, 10% RNA, 60% globular histone proteins.
• DNA Organization: Exists in the form of chromosomes.
• Nucleolus: Located within the nucleus, contains ribosomal RNA and proteins; crucial for ribosome production.
• Golgi Apparatus: Organelles with interconnected membranes that package proteins and lipids into vesicles and lysosomes for transport.
• Centriole: Made up of nine groups of three microtubules, located in the centrosome area; plays a role in cell division.
• Centrioles Function: Divides during mitosis to form two daughter centrioles known as diplosomes.
• Endoplasmic Reticulum: Network of canals in the cytoplasm; synthesizes and secretes proteins and lipids for transport.
• Microsomes: Small vesicles derived from disrupted endoplasmic reticulum.
• Lysosomes: Organelles involved in cell digestion containing activated digestive enzymes; abundant in phagocytic cells.
• Mitochondria: Essential for ATP production via aerobic cellular respiration.
• Cytoplasm: Living material within the cell membrane, mainly composed of water and essential elements like carbon and oxygen.
• Nucleoplasm: Cytoplasmic substance of the nucleus.

Cellular Processes

• Phagocytosis: A process where a cell engulfs external substances by extending its cytoplasm.
• Endocytosis: Mechanism for a cell to take in substances from its surface.
• Phagocyte: A cell capable of engulfing and destroying particulate substances through phagocytosis.
• Pinocytosis: Involves the cell membrane forming a vesicle to uptake surrounding fluid.
• Pinocytotic Vesicle: Vesicle formed during pinocytosis.

Cellular Terminology

• Ribosomes: Composed of various RNAs and proteins, essential for protein synthesis.
• Protoplasm: Basic component of all living cells, consisting of cytoplasm and nucleoplasm.
• Cytology: The study of the formation, structure, and function of cells.
• Cytogenesis: The origin and development of cells.
• Cytoblast: Refers to the cell nucleus.
• Cytolysis: The destruction of living cells.
• Cytopenia: Reduced cellular elements in blood or other tissues.
• Cytoscopy: Microscopic examination of cells for diagnostic purposes.

Cellular Development and Structures

• Cytophagy: Destruction of cells by phagocytes.
• Cytokinesis: Division of the cytoplasm into two parts during mitosis.
• Hyaloplasm: Fluid portion of protoplasm, also known as fundamental protoplasm.
• Ectoplasm: The outermost layer of cell protoplasm.
• Plastid: Protoplasmic structures mainly found in plant cells.
• Leukoplast: A colorless plastid involved in storage functions.

Specialized Terms

• Cytophilic: Having an attraction to cells.
• Cytotropic: Demonstrates affinity for cells.
• Cytoclastic: Destructive to cells.
• Cytosis: Refers to various cellular processes involving movement of substances in and out of cells.

This quiz covers various components of a cell and their specific functions. You'll explore the roles of the nucleus, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, and other organelles crucial for cellular activities. Test your knowledge on how these structures contribute to the overall functioning of cells.