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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
What is the primary function of mitochondria?
What is the main site of protein synthesis in a cell?
What is the primary component of cytoplasm?
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What is the main function of the nucleus?
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What is unique about the DNA in mitochondria?
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What is the site of transcription in a cell?
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What is the function of the phospholipid bilayer in the cell membrane?
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What is the jelly-like substance found inside the cell membrane?
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Study Notes
Cell Structure and Function
Cell Membrane
- Thin, semi-permeable membrane surrounding the cell
- Composed of phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
- Regulates what enters and leaves the cell through selective permeability
- Maintains cellular environment and separates internal components from external environment
Cytoplasm
- Jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane
- Made up of water, salts, sugars, and various organelles
- Site of many metabolic processes, including glycolysis and protein synthesis
- Provides structural support and aids in cell division
Ribosomes
- Small organelles found throughout the cytoplasm
- Site of protein synthesis, where mRNA is translated into amino acid chains
- Can be free-floating or bound to the endoplasmic reticulum
- Responsible for building proteins essential for cellular functions
Mitochondria
- Organelles found in the cytoplasm, often referred to as the "powerhouses"
- Generate energy for the cell through cellular respiration
- Convert glucose into ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the energy currency of the cell
- Have their own DNA and can replicate independently
Nucleus
- Membrane-bound organelle containing most of the cell's genetic material
- Houses the majority of the cell's DNA, organized into chromosomes
- Site of transcription, where DNA is transcribed into RNA
- Regulates cell growth, division, and reproduction through gene expression
Cell Structure and Function
Cell Membrane
- Thin, semi-permeable membrane surrounding the cell, controlling what enters and leaves the cell
- Composed of phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins, maintaining cellular environment and separating internal components from external environment
Cytoplasm
- Jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane, comprising water, salts, sugars, and various organelles
- Site of many metabolic processes, including glycolysis and protein synthesis, providing structural support and aiding in cell division
Ribosomes
- Small organelles found throughout the cytoplasm, responsible for protein synthesis
- Translate mRNA into amino acid chains, either free-floating or bound to the endoplasmic reticulum
- Build proteins essential for cellular functions
Mitochondria
- Organelles in the cytoplasm, generating energy for the cell through cellular respiration
- Convert glucose into ATP, the energy currency of the cell, with their own DNA and independent replication capabilities
Nucleus
- Membrane-bound organelle containing most of the cell's genetic material, housing the majority of the cell's DNA in chromosomes
- Site of transcription, where DNA is transcribed into RNA, regulating cell growth, division, and reproduction through gene expression
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Description
Explore the components of a cell, including the cell membrane and cytoplasm, and their roles in maintaining cellular environment and facilitating metabolic processes.
