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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
What is the approximate percentage of water in the cytoplasm?
What is the approximate percentage of water in the cytoplasm?
What is the main function of mitochondria?
What is the main function of mitochondria?
What is the structure of the mitochondria that increases its surface area?
What is the structure of the mitochondria that increases its surface area?
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What is composed of a phospholipid bilayer and proteins?
What is composed of a phospholipid bilayer and proteins?
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What is the function of the cytoplasm?
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
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Study Notes
Cell Structure
Cell Membrane
- Also known as the plasma membrane
- Thin, semi-permeable layer that surrounds the cell
- Composed of:
- Phospholipid bilayer (double layer of lipids)
- Proteins (embedded or attached to the bilayer)
- Functions:
- Regulates movement of substances in and out of the cell
- Maintains cell shape and provides mechanical support
- Acts as a barrier against external substances
Cytoplasm
- Gel-like substance inside the cell membrane
- Composed of:
- Water (about 70-80%)
- Salts
- Sugars
- Amino acids
- Organelles (e.g., mitochondria, ribosomes)
- Functions:
- Provides a medium for chemical reactions and metabolic processes
- Supports the movement of organelles and cellular components
- Helps maintain cell shape and provides mechanical support
Mitochondria
- Often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell
- Found in the cytoplasm, usually near the endoplasmic reticulum
- Functions:
- Generate energy for the cell through cellular respiration (ATP production)
- Regulate cell metabolism and energy production
- Involved in cell signaling and apoptosis (programmed cell death)
- Structure:
- Outer membrane
- Inner membrane (folds into cristae to increase surface area)
- Matrix (contains enzymes and other molecules involved in energy production)
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Description
Learn about the structure and functions of cell membrane, cytoplasm, and mitochondria in this biology quiz. Test your knowledge of cell components and their roles in cellular processes.
