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Questions and Answers
What is the main function of the cell membrane?
Which organelle is responsible for storing genetic information and controlling cell growth and reproduction?
What is the main function of lysosomes?
What is the term for the ability of the cell membrane to allow certain molecules to pass through while keeping others out?
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What is the term for the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?
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What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus?
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Study Notes
Cell Membrane
- Selective Permeability: allows certain molecules to pass through while keeping others out
- Phospholipid Bilayer: main structure of the cell membrane, composed of two layers of phospholipid molecules with hydrophilic (water-loving) heads and hydrophobic (water-fearing) tails
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Functions:
- Regulates what enters and leaves the cell
- Maintains cellular environment and homeostasis
- Provides structural support and shape to the cell
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Transport Mechanisms:
- Passive Transport: diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion
- Active Transport: requires energy input to move molecules against concentration gradient
Organelles
Nucleus
- Function: stores genetic information (DNA) and controls cell growth and reproduction
- Structure: double membrane (nuclear envelope) with nuclear pores for transport
Mitochondria
- Function: generates energy for the cell through cellular respiration
- Structure: double membrane with inner mitochondrial membrane forming cristae for increased surface area
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
- Rough ER: has ribosomes attached for protein synthesis and transport
- Smooth ER: involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification
- Function: synthesizes and transports proteins and lipids
Ribosomes
- Function: site of protein synthesis
- Structure: small organelles found throughout the cytoplasm, either attached to ER or free
Lysosomes
- Function: breaks down and recycles cellular waste and foreign substances
- Structure: membrane-bound sac containing digestive enzymes
Golgi Apparatus
- Function: modifies and packages proteins and lipids for transport
- Structure: complex of flattened sacs and tubules
Cytoskeleton
- Function: provides structural support, shape, and movement to the cell
- Components: microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments
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Description
Test your knowledge of cell membrane, organelles, and their functions in cellular processes. Learn about selective permeability, transport mechanisms, and the structures of nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus, and cytoskeleton.
