Cell Structure and Function Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of all cellular life?

  • Reproduction (correct)
  • Energy production
  • Cell division
  • Protein synthesis

    • Which of the following is the most reliable feature distinguishing a eukaryotic cell from a prokaryotic cell?

  • Organelles
  • RNA processing
  • Presence of a nucleus (correct)
  • Cell wall composition

    • Which type of microorganism thrives in highly saline water?

  • Acidophiles
  • Mesophiles
  • Halophiles (correct)
  • Psychrophiles

    • What is the most commonly used unicellular organism in the food industry?

    <p>Yeast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about molds?

    <p>Molds have a mycelial structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of protozoa?

    <p>They lack a cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is aspergillosis?

    <p>A group of diseases caused by molds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for ATP production in the cell?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy form expressed as a proton gradient in the mitochondria?

    <p>Electrical energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are proteins transported from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus?

    <p>By vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the nucleus in the cell?

    <p>Gene expression regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelles are believed to have originated from bacteria that were engulfed by larger cells?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a similarity between mitochondria and bacterial cells?

    <p>Presence of introns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the proposed origin of current eukaryotic cells according to Len Margulis?

    <p>Endocytosis of bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Sodium-Potassium pump?

    <p>To transport potassium ions out of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives the Sodium-Potassium pump?

    <p>The breakdown of ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when three sodium ions bind to the cytoplasmic side of the Sodium-Potassium pump?

    <p>The protein changes its conformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when two potassium ions bind to the extracellular side of the Sodium-Potassium pump?

    <p>The protein gains affinity for potassium ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for modifying proteins for shipment to specific locations?

    <p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of lysosomes?

    <p>Housekeeping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease has suffered the most devastating epidemics in recent human history?

    <p>HIV/AIDS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of microbes in our body?

    <p>Maintaining gut health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientist was the first to observe and describe bacteria, yeast, sperm cells, blood cells, and the circulation of blood through capillaries?

    <p>Antonie van Leeuwenhoek</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of cell membranes?

    <p>Phospholipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of vesicles in cells?

    <p>To help move chemicals in and out of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the simplest mechanism by which molecules can cross the plasma membrane?

    <p>Diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of molds?

    <p>Molds have a mycellial structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the group of diseases caused by the mold Aspergillus called?

    <p>Aspergillosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of protozoa?

    <p>Protozoa are unicellular eukaryotes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are moles used for in the production of citric acid and antibiotics?

    <p>To produce citric acid and antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

    <p>They have a nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a similarity between archaea and bacteria?

    <p>They both contain peptidoglycan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of yeast?

    <p>It is a prokaryotic organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cellular life?

    <p>It is composed of DNA and RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is believed to have originated from an aerobic bacterium that was engulfed by a predatory cell?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the proposed origin of chloroplasts according to the text?

    <p>Endocytosis of a photosynthetic bacterium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a similarity between mitochondria and bacterial cells?

    <p>Presence of introns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the proposed origin of current eukaryotic cells according to Len Margulis?

    <p>Evolved from a large anaerobic prokaryotic predatory cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for ATP production in the cell?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of lysosomes?

    <p>Intracellular digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of microbes in our body?

    <p>Producing vitamins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the simplest mechanism by which molecules can cross the plasma membrane?

    <p>Passive diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when the plasma membrane extends outward and surrounds a food particle?

    <p>Phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reverse process of endocytosis, resulting in the discharge of material from vesicles at the cell surface to the outside of the cell?

    <p>Exocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the receptors on the surface of the cell that bind to specific molecules, such as low density lipoproteins (LDL), and initiate receptor-mediated endocytosis?

    <p>LDL receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when three sodium ions bind to the cytoplasmic side of the Sodium-Potassium pump?

    <p>The pump changes conformation and exposes sodium binding sites to the inside of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientist is credited with the discovery and description of bacteria, yeast, sperm cells, blood cells, and the circulation of blood through capillaries?

    <p>Antonie van Leeuwenhoek</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of cell membranes?

    <p>Lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cells?

    <p>Can perform photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the simplest mechanism by which molecules can cross the plasma membrane?

    <p>Diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for the destruction and recycling of old organelles and particles taken into the cell by phagocytosis?

    <p>Lysosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of lysosomes?

    <p>To destroy and recycle old organelles and particles taken into the cell by phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease has suffered the most devastating epidemics in recent human history?

    <p>HIV/AIDS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of microbes in our body?

    <p>To maintain overall health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Sodium-Potassium pump?

    <p>To maintain the resting membrane potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most reliable feature distinguishing a eukaryotic cell from a prokaryotic cell?

    <p>Presence of a nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

    <p>They have a nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when the plasma membrane extends outward and surrounds a food particle?

    <p>Phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most reliable feature distinguishing a eukaryotic cell from a prokaryotic cell?

    <p>Presence of a nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the proposed origin of current eukaryotic cells according to Len Margulis?

    <p>Endosymbiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about molds?

    <p>Molds have a filamentous structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the group of diseases caused by the mold Aspergillus called?

    <p>Aspergillosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of microbes in our body?

    <p>Production of citric acid and antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of protozoa?

    <p>They lack a cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for ATP production in the cell?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Sodium-Potassium pump?

    <p>Maintaining the resting membrane potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when the plasma membrane extends outward and surrounds a food particle?

    <p>Phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the proposed origin of current eukaryotic cells according to Len Margulis?

    <p>Endosymbiotic theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a major type of endocytosis?

    <p>Exocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the phagocytosis of bacteria by phagocytes?

    <p>Binding of aggregated antibody molecules to fc receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of lysosomes in the cell?

    <p>Destruction and recycling of old organelles and particles taken into the cell by phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy form expressed as a proton gradient in the mitochondria?

    <p>Proton motive force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the proposed origin of mitochondria?

    <p>Mitochondria originated from energy-conversion mechanisms in bacterial organelles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the proposed origin of chloroplasts according to the text?

    <p>Chloroplasts originated from energy-conversion mechanisms in bacterial organelles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of lysosomes in cells?

    <p>Lysosomes are responsible for intracellular digestion and waste removal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the nucleus in the cell?

    <p>The nucleus contains the cell's genetic material and controls cell activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the cell theory, all living things are made of cells and new cells are created by old cells dividing. Who was the first person to observe and describe bacteria, yeast, sperm cells, blood cells, and the circulation of blood through capillaries?

    <p>Antonie van Leeuwenhoek</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a cell?

    <p>Viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of cell membranes?

    <p>Phospholipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is the simplest mechanism by which molecules can cross the plasma membrane?

    <p>Diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for modifying proteins for shipment to specific locations?

    <p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of lysosomes?

    <p>Digest particles or cells taken into the cell by phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of microbes in our body?

    <p>Keep pathogens away from our tissues and organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the proposed origin of current eukaryotic cells according to Len Margulis?

    <p>Endosymbiotic theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease has suffered the most devastating epidemics in recent human history?

    <p>HIV/AIDS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most reliable feature distinguishing a eukaryotic cell from a prokaryotic cell?

    <p>Presence of a nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell Structure and Function

    • The cell theory states that all living things are made of cells and new cells are created by old cells dividing.
    • Antonie van Leeuwenhoek was the first person to observe and describe bacteria, yeast, sperm cells, blood cells, and the circulation of blood through capillaries.
    • Viruses are not considered cells and are parasitic, entering human cells to replicate.
    • Cells can be unicellular (made up of one cell) or multicellular (made up of billions of cells working together).
    • The cell membrane separates the inside of a cell from the outside environment and regulates the passage of materials in and out of cells.
    • Phospholipids, the main component of cell membranes, have a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail and arrange themselves in a lipid bilayer.
    • Vesicles are membrane-bound compartments that help move chemicals in and out of cells.
    • The plasma membrane is a flexible barrier made up of bilayers of phospholipids that are fluid, not solid.
    • Transmembrane proteins in the plasma membrane play roles in transport and signal transduction.
    • Hydrophobic bonds stabilize the phospholipid bilayer.
    • The plasma membrane selectively controls the passage of small molecules and proteins in and out of the cell.
    • Diffusion is the simplest mechanism by which molecules can cross the plasma membrane, either through simple diffusion or facilitated diffusion. Active transport requires energy and is mediated by transporters.

    Cell Structure and Function

    • The cell theory states that all living things are made of cells and new cells are created by old cells dividing.
    • Antonie van Leeuwenhoek was the first person to observe and describe bacteria, yeast, sperm cells, blood cells, and the circulation of blood through capillaries.
    • Viruses are not considered cells and are parasitic, entering human cells to replicate.
    • Cells can be unicellular (made up of one cell) or multicellular (made up of billions of cells working together).
    • The cell membrane separates the inside of a cell from the outside environment and regulates the passage of materials in and out of cells.
    • Phospholipids, the main component of cell membranes, have a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail and arrange themselves in a lipid bilayer.
    • Vesicles are membrane-bound compartments that help move chemicals in and out of cells.
    • The plasma membrane is a flexible barrier made up of bilayers of phospholipids that are fluid, not solid.
    • Transmembrane proteins in the plasma membrane play roles in transport and signal transduction.
    • Hydrophobic bonds stabilize the phospholipid bilayer.
    • The plasma membrane selectively controls the passage of small molecules and proteins in and out of the cell.
    • Diffusion is the simplest mechanism by which molecules can cross the plasma membrane, either through simple diffusion or facilitated diffusion. Active transport requires energy and is mediated by transporters.

    Cell Structure and Function

    • The cell theory states that all living things are made of cells and new cells are created by old cells dividing.
    • Antonie van Leeuwenhoek was the first person to observe and describe bacteria, yeast, sperm cells, blood cells, and the circulation of blood through capillaries.
    • Viruses are not considered cells and are parasitic, entering human cells to replicate.
    • Cells can be unicellular (made up of one cell) or multicellular (made up of billions of cells working together).
    • The cell membrane separates the inside of a cell from the outside environment and regulates the passage of materials in and out of cells.
    • Phospholipids, the main component of cell membranes, have a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail and arrange themselves in a lipid bilayer.
    • Vesicles are membrane-bound compartments that help move chemicals in and out of cells.
    • The plasma membrane is a flexible barrier made up of bilayers of phospholipids that are fluid, not solid.
    • Transmembrane proteins in the plasma membrane play roles in transport and signal transduction.
    • Hydrophobic bonds stabilize the phospholipid bilayer.
    • The plasma membrane selectively controls the passage of small molecules and proteins in and out of the cell.
    • Diffusion is the simplest mechanism by which molecules can cross the plasma membrane, either through simple diffusion or facilitated diffusion. Active transport requires energy and is mediated by transporters.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of cell structure and function with this quiz! Learn about the cell theory, cell types, cell membrane, phospholipids, vesicles, plasma membrane, transmembrane proteins, and more. Challenge yourself to understand the mechanisms of diffusion and active transport.

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