Cell Structure and Function Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Who was the first person to see cells and name them?

  • Robert Brown
  • Robert Hooke (correct)
  • Matthias J. Schleiden
  • Antony van Leeuwenhoek
  • What object did Antony van Leeuwenhoek first study under the microscope?

  • Bacteria
  • Human red blood cells
  • Tartar scraped from his teeth (correct)
  • Sperm
  • Which scientist was the first to propose that cells are the basic units of life?

  • Theodore Schwann
  • Rudolf Virchow
  • Matthias J. Schleiden (correct)
  • Robert Brown
  • What did Robert Brown observe in cells from orchid plants?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the German physiologist who added a third component to the cell theory in 1855?

    <p>Rudolf Virchow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Robert Hooke use to create lenses for observing cells?

    <p>Melted spun glass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two scientists formulated the original cell theory with two main components?

    <p>Matthias J. Schleiden and Theodore Schwann</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Robert Hooke compare the structures he saw in cells to when naming them?

    <p>Cells for monks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Antony van Leeuwenhoek fail to observe concerning single-celled animalcules?

    <p>Their reproductive process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Robert Hooke describe the structure he saw in what he called cells?

    <p>Cubical rooms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of microscope can magnify up to 1600x?

    <p>Light Microscope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Louis Pasteur disprove in 1859?

    <p>Spontaneous Generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of microscope uses a magnetic field to focus a beam of electrons?

    <p>Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for light to pass through an object and reveal internal features?

    <p>Specimens must be transparent or thinly sliced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of microscope scans a beam of electrons over the surface of a metal-coated, three-dimensional specimen?

    <p>Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the highest level of magnification that a Scanning Electron Microscope can achieve?

    <p>50 million x</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of microscope does the microscope translate the contrasts in electron transmission into a high-resolution, two-dimensional image?

    <p>Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?

    <p>Manufacture proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which domain includes organisms with structurally simple cells?

    <p>Bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Domain Archaea from bacteria?

    <p>Composition of phospholipids, cell walls, and flagella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Eukaryotic cells contain that Prokaryotic cells lack?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with disproving the idea of spontaneous generation?

    <p>Louis Pasteur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is instrumental in protein synthesis?

    <p>RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientist proposed the early cell theory with only two components?

    <p>Rudolf Virchow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of proteins in a cell?

    <p>Carry out all of the cell's work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes?

    <p>Division of cytoplasm into organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structures protect the bacterial cell from bursting if it absorbs too much water?

    <p>Cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who discovered cells using lenses made from melted spun glass?

    <p>Antony van Leeuwenhoek</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates Prokaryotic cells from Eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Presence of a nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Animalcules' refer to what in the context of early cell discoveries?

    <p>Microscopic organisms similar to bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Carl Woese's studies in 1977 reveal about Prokaryotes?

    <p>They include two distantly related forms of life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Nucleoid' is a term associated with which type of cells?

    <p>Prokaryotic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which domain contains the most abundant and diverse organisms on Earth?

    <p>Bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Flagella' are used by bacteria for what purpose?

    <p>Movement in fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do ribosomes manufacture within a cell?

    <p>Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Eukarya' cells are typically known for being ____.

    <p>'Nucleated'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Nucleus' was first discovered in cells from which type of plants?

    <p>'Orchid'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell History

    • 1660: Robert Hooke discovered cells in the bark of an oak tree using lenses made from melted spun glass
    • 1673: Antony van Leeuwenhoek improved lenses further, creating the earliest microscopes, and observed bacteria, protists, human red blood cells, and sperm
    • Early 1830s: Robert Brown discovered the nucleus in cells from orchid plants
    • 1839: Matthias J Schleiden and Theodore Schwann proposed a cell theory, consisting of two components:
      • All organisms are made up of one or more cells
      • The cell is the fundamental unit of life
    • 1855: Rudolf Virchow added a third component to the cell theory: all cells come from preexisting cells
    • 1859: Louis Pasteur disproved spontaneous generation, providing evidence in support of the cell theory
    • 1977: Carl Woese detected differences suggesting that Prokaryotes include two forms of life that are distantly related to each other (Domain Archaea and Domain Bacteria)

    Microscopes

    • Light Microscopes:
      • Generate true-color views of living or preserved cells
      • Use visible light to reveal internal features
      • Can magnify up to 1600x
    • Transmission Electron Microscopes (TEM):
      • Send a beam of electrons through a thin slice of a specimen
      • Use a magnetic field to focus the beam
      • Can magnify up to 50 million x
    • Scanning Electron Microscopes (SEM):
      • Scan a beam of electrons over the surface of a metal-coated, three-dimensional specimen

    Cell Features

    • All cells have common features that reflect their shared evolutionary history
    • These features include:
      • DNA: the cell's genetic information
      • RNA: instrumental in protein synthesis
      • Ribosomes: structures that manufacture proteins
      • Proteins: carry out all of the cell's work
      • Cytoplasm: includes all cell contents
      • Cytosol: the fluid portion of the cytoplasm
      • Lipid-rich Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane): forms a boundary between the cell and its environment

    Cell Types and Domains

    • Prokaryotes: lack a nucleus, include Bacteria and Archaea
    • Eukaryotes: have cells that contain a nucleus, include Eukarya
    • Domain Bacteria:
      • Most abundant and diverse organisms on Earth
      • Cells are structurally simple
      • Nucleoid: area where the cell's circular DNA molecule congregates
      • Rigid cell wall surrounds the cell membrane
      • Many bacteria can swim in fluids using flagella
    • Domain Archaea:
      • Structurally very similar to bacteria, but differ in phospholipids, cell walls, and flagella
    • Domain Eukarya:
      • Members are typically large in size
      • Cytoplasm divided into organelles, compartments that carry out specific functions
      • Cells are nucleated

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    Related Documents

    Chapter 3 Lecture 1.pptx

    Description

    Test your knowledge of cell structure and function with this quiz. Learn about DNA, RNA, ribosomes, proteins, cytoplasm, cell membrane, and different cell types across life's three domains.

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