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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of ribosomes in cells?
What is the primary function of ribosomes in cells?
- Energy production
- Cellular structure support
- Protein production (correct)
- Transport of materials
Which component surrounds the cytoplasm and acts as a permeable barrier?
Which component surrounds the cytoplasm and acts as a permeable barrier?
- Cell wall
- Cytoplasmic membrane (correct)
- Cell capsule
- Nucleoid
What role does the cell wall play in bacterial and archaeal cells?
What role does the cell wall play in bacterial and archaeal cells?
- Transporting materials
- Producing energy
- Generating heat
- Providing structural support (correct)
What is a key structural characteristic of the nucleoid in cells?
What is a key structural characteristic of the nucleoid in cells?
In addition to bacterial and archaeal cells, which type of cell contains similar components but also has membrane-enclosed organelles?
In addition to bacterial and archaeal cells, which type of cell contains similar components but also has membrane-enclosed organelles?
What is the primary function of the flagellum in cells?
What is the primary function of the flagellum in cells?
Which structure helps cells resist viruses and adhere to surfaces?
Which structure helps cells resist viruses and adhere to surfaces?
What type of molecules predominantly make up the cytoplasm?
What type of molecules predominantly make up the cytoplasm?
Flashcards
Cell (basic unit)
Cell (basic unit)
The smallest structural and functional unit of life in all organisms (except viruses).
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
The jelly-like substance inside a cell, containing dissolved substances and structures.
Cytoplasmic membrane
Cytoplasmic membrane
A phospholipid layer that surrounds the cytoplasm, acting as a barrier.
Ribosome
Ribosome
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Cell wall
Cell wall
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Cell capsule
Cell capsule
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Nucleoid
Nucleoid
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Flagellum
Flagellum
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Study Notes
Cell Structure
- Cells are the fundamental units of life, excluding viruses.
- Bacterial and archaeal cells, along with other organisms, possess various components.
Cytoplasm
- Contains dissolved and suspended substances, crucial for cellular functions.
- Includes macromolecules (proteins, nucleic acids), ribosomes, small organic molecules (precursors), and inorganic ions.
- Raw materials are processed into macromolecules within the cytoplasm.
Cytoplasmic Membrane
- A phospholipid bilayer forming a permeable barrier around the cytoplasm.
- Membrane proteins facilitate material transport in and out of the cell.
- Essential for energy production.
Ribosomes
- Small organelles involved in protein synthesis.
- Found in all life forms (bacteria, archaea, eukaryotes).
Cell Wall
- Provides structural support and determines cell shape.
- Present in bacteria, archaea, plants, fungi, some algae.
Cell Capsule
- Exterior layer of certain bacteria and archaea.
- Often a polysaccharide, aiding in resistance to viruses, chemicals, and hydration.
Nucleoid
- Dense collection of DNA in some cells (prokaryotes), not membrane-bound.
Flagella
- Whip-like appendages used for cell movement.
Pili
- Hair-like structures on some bacterium and archaea.
- Diverse functions: electron transfer, attachment, conjugation.
Eukaryotic Cells (additional components)
- Membrane-bound organelles including nucleus, nucleolus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts, are unique to eukaryotic cells.
- The nucleus contains DNA organized as chromosomes.
- The nucleolus is within the nucleus and produces ribosomes.
- Mitochondria and chloroplasts are involved in energy production.
- Eukaryotic genomes are significantly larger than prokaryotic genomes.
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