Cell Structure and Function

Which of the following structures is found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Plant cells contain mitochondria, while animal cells do not.

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

The process by which cells become specialized for specific functions is called cell ___________.

Match the cell structure with its primary function:

Which of the following is a key difference between animal and plant cells?

Prokaryotic cells are generally larger and more complex than eukaryotic cells.

Name one way a specialized cell might be adapted to perform a specific function.

A sperm cell is adapted for fertilization by having a tail, also known as a ___________, for movement.

What is the primary function of the cell wall in plant cells?

Which adaptation would you expect to find in a cell specialized for absorption?

Tissues are composed of different organ systems working together.

In multicellular organisms, what level of organization comes directly after tissues?

Groups of organs that work together to perform complex functions are called ________ ________.

If a cell's primary function is to synthesize and secrete proteins, which organelle would likely be most abundant within the cell?

Which of the examples given represents the correct order of the levels of organization in a multicellular organism, from simplest to most complex?

How many micrometers are in 2.5 millimeters? Express your answer numerically.

Match the cell type to its primary adaptation:

A cellular drawing has a scale bar indicating that 1 cm on the drawing represents 10 $\mu$m in the actual cell. If a cell structure measures 3 cm in the drawing, what is its actual size?

When preparing a slide of plant cells, using a stain is unnecessary as plant cells are naturally visible under a microscope.

Briefly explain the relationship between chromosomes, DNA, and genes.

The cell cycle phase where the cell grows and duplicates its DNA is called the ______ phase.

Which of the following events does not occur during mitosis?

What is the primary importance of mitosis in multicellular organisms?

Why is it important for chromosomes to condense during mitosis?

If a cell cycle lasts 24 hours and mitosis takes 30 minutes, approximately what proportion of the cell cycle is spent in mitosis?

Genes are located within DNA, which is, in turn, contained within chromosomes.

Match each stage of the cell cycle with its primary function.

Which of the following numbers is correctly represented in standard form?

Which of the following calculations represents the correct order of magnitude estimation for $3.2 x 10^5 * 2.8 x 10^{-2}$?

Electron microscopes have decreased our ability to visualize subcellular structures due to their lower resolution compared to light microscopes.

An image of a cell is 5 mm in diameter when viewed under a microscope. If the actual size of the cell is 5 μm, what is the magnification?

If a virus is 50 nm in size, this is equal to ______ meters when expressed in standard form.

An organelle appears to be 20 mm in a microscopic image with a magnification of 2000x. What is the actual size of the organelle?

Why is standard form important when representing very small biological measurements?

When performing order of magnitude calculations, it is crucial to maintain all decimal places to get an accurate result.

Explain how the higher resolution of electron microscopes helps scientists better understand the function of cellular organelles.

Match each value with its equivalent standard form representation:

Which characteristic is not generally associated with stem cells?

Meristems in plants are analogous to stem cells in animals, providing a source of new cells for growth and repair.

Briefly explain how stem cells could be used to treat a disease like Type 1 Diabetes.

One ethical concern surrounding the use of embryonic stem cells is the destruction of the ______.

Match the factor with its effect on the rate of diffusion:

A cell has a surface area of $150 \mu m^2$ and a volume of $50 \mu m^3$. What is its surface area to volume ratio?

A very large, single-celled organism would be more efficient at exchanging nutrients and waste than a multicellular organism.

Which adaptation is not a feature that maximizes diffusion in the small intestine?

Explain why the alveoli in the lungs are well-suited for gas exchange.

Osmosis is the movement of water from a region of ______ water potential to a region of ______ water potential across a selectively permeable membrane.

In the required practical investigating osmosis in plant tissue, what is the independent variable?

In the osmosis experiment, a potato slice placed in a highly concentrated salt solution will increase in mass due to water uptake.

Which of the following is the most significant risk associated with using stem cells in medical treatments?

How can stem cells be used in agriculture?

The effectiveness of diffusion is highly dependent on the ______ area to volume ratio; the ______ the ratio, the more effective diffusion will be.

Maintaining turgor pressure is an important role of osmosis in plants. What is the primary benefit of turgor pressure?

Active transport requires energy because it moves substances against their concentration gradient.

How does temperature affect enzyme activity?

The enzyme ___________ breaks down starch into simpler sugars.

Match each major food group with its primary structural component:

What is the function of bile in digestion?

Statins help to treat coronary heart disease by directly removing plaques from artery walls.

What is the primary risk associated with mechanical heart valves compared to biological ones?

__________ is a procedure involving the replacement of a diseased heart with a healthy heart from a deceased donor.

Which blood component is primarily responsible for transporting oxygen?

Correlation always implies causation.

Describe the role of guard cells in transpiration.

__________ are cell surface protein that are produced by B-lymphocytes in response to a specific antigen.

How do vaccines protect against disease?

Match the disease with its type: