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Questions and Answers
What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Which organelle is primarily responsible for producing ATP?
Which organelle is primarily responsible for producing ATP?
What type of cell transport requires energy input?
What type of cell transport requires energy input?
During which phase do chromosomes align at the cell's equator in mitosis?
During which phase do chromosomes align at the cell's equator in mitosis?
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Which cell structure is responsible for regulating what enters and exits the cell?
Which cell structure is responsible for regulating what enters and exits the cell?
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What is the primary function of the xylem in vascular plant tissues?
What is the primary function of the xylem in vascular plant tissues?
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What is the role of ribosomes within a cell?
What is the role of ribosomes within a cell?
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How do meristematic tissues in plants contribute to growth?
How do meristematic tissues in plants contribute to growth?
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Flashcards
What are cells?
What are cells?
The basic building blocks of all living things, responsible for carrying out life functions like metabolism, growth, and reproduction.
What are organelles?
What are organelles?
Organelles are specialized structures within eukaryotic cells, each performing a specific function to support the cell's overall activity.
What is the function of the nucleus?
What is the function of the nucleus?
The control center of the cell, containing DNA which directs all cellular activities.
What is the function of mitochondria?
What is the function of mitochondria?
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What is passive transport?
What is passive transport?
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What is mitosis?
What is mitosis?
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What are tissues?
What are tissues?
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What are organs?
What are organs?
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Study Notes
Cell Structure and Function
- Cells are the basic structural and functional units of all living organisms.
- Cells carry out all the essential processes of life, including metabolism, growth, and reproduction.
- Different cell types have different structures and functions, specialized for their role.
- Prokaryotic cells (e.g., bacteria) lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
- Eukaryotic cells (e.g., plant and animal cells) have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Cell Organelles
- Nucleus: Controls cell activities, contains DNA.
- Mitochondria: Site of cellular respiration, produces ATP (energy).
- Ribosomes: Synthesize proteins.
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Transports materials within the cell.
- Golgi Apparatus: Processes and packages proteins.
- Vacuoles: Store water, nutrients, and waste products.
- Chloroplasts (plants only): Site of photosynthesis.
- Cell Membrane: Regulates what enters and exits the cell.
- Cell Wall (plants only): Provides support and protection.
Cell Transport
- Passive Transport: Movement of substances across the cell membrane without energy input.
- Diffusion: Movement of substances from high to low concentration.
- Osmosis: Movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
- Facilitated Diffusion: Movement of substances across the membrane with the help of transport proteins.
- Active Transport: Movement of substances across the cell membrane requiring energy input.
- Movement of substances against their concentration gradient.
Cell Division
- Mitosis: Cell division for growth and repair.
- Meiosis: Cell division for sexual reproduction.
- Stages of cell cycle: Interphase, mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase), cytokinesis.
- Importance of cell division for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction.
Tissues, Organs, and Systems
- Tissues are groups of similar cells that perform a specific function.
- Organs are groups of different tissues working together.
- Organ systems are groups of organs working together to perform major body functions.
- Examples of organ systems: digestive, respiratory, circulatory, nervous, excretory, and reproductive.
Plant Tissues
- Meristematic: The growth tissues responsible for plant growth in length and width.
- Dermal: The outer covering of the plant. Includes epidermis, stomata (pores for gas exchange).
- Vascular: Xylem and phloem transport water, minerals, and food throughout the plant.
Plant Nutrition
- Photosynthesis: The process by which plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into food (glucose).
- Chlorophyll: The pigment responsible for capturing sunlight.
- Stomata: The pores in the leaves that allow for gas exchange.
- Importance of water, minerals, and sunlight in plant nutrition.
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Description
Explore the essential concepts of cell structure and function, including the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. This quiz covers various cell organelles and their specific roles within the cell. Test your knowledge on the basic units of life that are critical to all living organisms.
