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Questions and Answers
What part of the cell is Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER)?
What part of the cell is Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER)?
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
What two parts of the cell should the Smooth ER be connected to?
What two parts of the cell should the Smooth ER be connected to?
Rough ER and Nuclear Membrane
What part of the cell is Cytosol?
What part of the cell is Cytosol?
Cytosol
What part of the cell is Vacuole?
What part of the cell is Vacuole?
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What part of the cell is Centrioles?
What part of the cell is Centrioles?
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What part of the cell is Microvilli?
What part of the cell is Microvilli?
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What part of the cell is Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)?
What part of the cell is Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)?
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What part of the cell is Ribosomes?
What part of the cell is Ribosomes?
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What part of the cell is Plasma Membrane?
What part of the cell is Plasma Membrane?
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What part of the cell is Peroxisome?
What part of the cell is Peroxisome?
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What part of the cell is Pores?
What part of the cell is Pores?
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What part of the cell is Chromatin?
What part of the cell is Chromatin?
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What part of the cell is Nucleolus?
What part of the cell is Nucleolus?
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What part of the cell is Golgi Apparatus?
What part of the cell is Golgi Apparatus?
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What part of the cell is Nuclear Membrane?
What part of the cell is Nuclear Membrane?
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What part of the cell is Mitochondria?
What part of the cell is Mitochondria?
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What part of the cell is Lysosome?
What part of the cell is Lysosome?
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Why is polarity important?
Why is polarity important?
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What part of the cell is Microvilli and what does it do?
What part of the cell is Microvilli and what does it do?
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What part of the cell is Tight Junction and what does it do?
What part of the cell is Tight Junction and what does it do?
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What part of the cell is Desmosomes and what does it do?
What part of the cell is Desmosomes and what does it do?
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What is the Basement Membrane?
What is the Basement Membrane?
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What does it mean when cells have polarity?
What does it mean when cells have polarity?
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What area of the cell are proteins located?
What area of the cell are proteins located?
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What type of cell function(s) does the presence of microvilli typically indicate?
What type of cell function(s) does the presence of microvilli typically indicate?
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Which cell junction forms an impermeable barrier?
Which cell junction forms an impermeable barrier?
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Which cell junction is an anchoring junction?
Which cell junction is an anchoring junction?
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Which junction has linker (root-like) proteins spanning the intercellular space?
Which junction has linker (root-like) proteins spanning the intercellular space?
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Which cell junction provides a tunnel for communication between cells and what is its function?
Which cell junction provides a tunnel for communication between cells and what is its function?
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Which two types of membrane junctions would you expect to find between cells of the heart?
Which two types of membrane junctions would you expect to find between cells of the heart?
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What cytoskeletal element gives the cell its shape?
What cytoskeletal element gives the cell its shape?
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What cytoskeletal element resists tension placed on a cell?
What cytoskeletal element resists tension placed on a cell?
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What cytoskeletal element radiate from the cell center?
What cytoskeletal element radiate from the cell center?
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What cytoskeletal element is involved in moving intracellular structures?
What cytoskeletal element is involved in moving intracellular structures?
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What cytoskeletal element is most stable?
What cytoskeletal element is most stable?
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What cytoskeletal element has the thickest diameter?
What cytoskeletal element has the thickest diameter?
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What cell organelle is abundant in the cell lining the small intestine that assembles fats?
What cell organelle is abundant in the cell lining the small intestine that assembles fats?
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What cell organelle is abundant in white blood cells that act as phagocytes?
What cell organelle is abundant in white blood cells that act as phagocytes?
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What cell organelle is abundant in liver cells that detoxify carcinogens?
What cell organelle is abundant in liver cells that detoxify carcinogens?
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What cell organelle is abundant in muscle cells (contractile cells)?
What cell organelle is abundant in muscle cells (contractile cells)?
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What cell organelle is abundant in mucus-secreting cells that secrete a protein product?
What cell organelle is abundant in mucus-secreting cells that secrete a protein product?
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What cell organelle is abundant in cells at the external skin surface that withstands friction and tension?
What cell organelle is abundant in cells at the external skin surface that withstands friction and tension?
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What cell organelle is abundant in kidney tubule cells that make and use large amounts of ATP?
What cell organelle is abundant in kidney tubule cells that make and use large amounts of ATP?
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What will Glucose do in a semipermeable sac that is permeable to all substances except albumin?
What will Glucose do in a semipermeable sac that is permeable to all substances except albumin?
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What will Water do in a semipermeable sac that is permeable to all substances except albumin?
What will Water do in a semipermeable sac that is permeable to all substances except albumin?
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What will Albumin do in a semipermeable sac that is permeable to all substances except albumin?
What will Albumin do in a semipermeable sac that is permeable to all substances except albumin?
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What will NaCl do in a semipermeable sac that is permeable to all substances except albumin?
What will NaCl do in a semipermeable sac that is permeable to all substances except albumin?
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What region does water move into?
What region does water move into?
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How do you determine the hypertonic region?
How do you determine the hypertonic region?
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What substance(s) move passively through the lipid part of the membrane?
What substance(s) move passively through the lipid part of the membrane?
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What substance(s) enters the cell by attachment to a passive protein transport protein carrier?
What substance(s) enters the cell by attachment to a passive protein transport protein carrier?
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What substance(s) move passively through the membrane by moving through its channel pores?
What substance(s) move passively through the membrane by moving through its channel pores?
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What substance(s) would have to use a solute pump to be transported through the membrane?
What substance(s) would have to use a solute pump to be transported through the membrane?
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What is the engulfment process that requires ATP?
What is the engulfment process that requires ATP?
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What is driven by a concentration gradient?
What is driven by a concentration gradient?
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What is driven by hydrostatic (fluid) pressure (typically blood pressure in the body)?
What is driven by hydrostatic (fluid) pressure (typically blood pressure in the body)?
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What moves down a concentration gradient?
What moves down a concentration gradient?
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What moves up (against) a concentration gradient; requires a carrier?
What moves up (against) a concentration gradient; requires a carrier?
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What moves small or lipid-soluble solutes through the membrane?
What moves small or lipid-soluble solutes through the membrane?
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What transports amino acids and Na+ through the plasma membrane?
What transports amino acids and Na+ through the plasma membrane?
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What are examples of vesicular transport?
What are examples of vesicular transport?
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What is a means of bringing fairly large particles into the cell?
What is a means of bringing fairly large particles into the cell?
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What is used to eject wastes and to secrete cell products?
What is used to eject wastes and to secrete cell products?
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What membrane transport consists of using channels or carrier proteins that do not require ATP?
What membrane transport consists of using channels or carrier proteins that do not require ATP?
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Study Notes
Cell Organelles and Functions
- Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (Smooth ER): Synthesizes lipids and detoxifies drugs.
- Rough endoplasmic reticulum (Rough ER): Studded with ribosomes; involved in protein synthesis and processing. Connects to nuclear membrane.
- Ribosomes: Sites of protein synthesis, can be free-floating or attached to Rough ER.
- Cytosol: The liquid component of the cytoplasm, where various organelles are suspended.
- Plasma membrane: A lipid bilayer that protects cell integrity; regulates molecule passage.
- Golgi apparatus: Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery.
- Mitochondria: Powerhouse of the cell, producing ATP through cellular respiration.
- Lysosomes: Contains digestive enzymes for waste processing; prevalent in phagocytic cells like white blood cells.
- Peroxisomes: Breaks down fatty acids and detoxifies harmful substances; abundant in liver cells.
- Vacuoles: Storage organelles, often larger in plant cells, used for storing nutrients and waste products.
Cellular Structures and Polarity
- Microvilli: Extensions that increase cell surface area for absorption and secretion.
- Centrioles: Cell organelles involved in cell division, forming spindle fibers.
- Chromatin: DNA and protein complex that condenses to form chromosomes during cell division.
- Nucleolus: Produces ribosomal RNA, essential for ribosome formation.
- Pores: Openings in the nuclear membrane for molecules to pass in and out.
- Tight junctions: Prevent leakage of fluids between cells; creates a barrier.
- Desmosomes: Anchoring structures that link adjacent cells, providing mechanical stability.
- Basement membrane: Anchors cells to underlying tissues.
Cytoskeletal Elements
- Microtubules: Largest cytoskeletal component; provides structure and facilitates intracellular transport.
- Microfilaments: Composed of actin, involved in muscle contraction and cellular movement.
- Intermediate filaments: Provide tensile strength, helping cells resist mechanical stress; most stable of the filaments.
Transport Mechanisms
- Active transport: Requires energy to move substances against a concentration gradient.
- Passive transport: No energy required; substances move down their concentration gradient.
- Phagocytosis: ATP-dependent process where cells engulf large particles.
- Facilitated diffusion: Movement of molecules across cell membranes through protein channels or carriers, does not require ATP.
- Exocytosis: Secretion mechanism for expelling materials from the cell.
- Osmosis: Diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane.
- Filtration: Driven by hydrostatic pressure, moving substances through a membrane.
Osmotic Principles
- Hypertonic solution: Higher concentration of solutes outside the cell, causing water to move out.
- Isotonic solution: Equal concentration of solutes inside and outside the cell, maintaining equilibrium.
- Hypotonic solution: Lower concentration of solutes outside the cell, causing water to move in.
Additional Cell Functionality Insights
- Cell polarity: Refers to the presence of distinct structural and functional regions within the cell.
- Functionality of tight junctions, gap junctions, and desmosomes: Ensures communication and structural integrity between cells.
- Likely locations of specific organelles: Identified by functions such as mucus secretion in mucus-secreting cells (abundant in Golgi apparatus and Rough ER).
These study notes provide key facts about cell structure, functionality, and transport mechanisms essential for understanding cellular anatomy and physiology.
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Description
Test your knowledge on cell organelles and their functions in this quiz. From the powerhouse of the cell, mitochondria, to the storage capabilities of vacuoles, understand how each part contributes to cellular processes. Perfect for biology students learning about cell structure!
