Cell Structure and Function Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the nucleolus within the nucleus?

  • Synthesis of lipids
  • Transport of proteins
  • Production of ribosomal RNA (correct)
  • Storage of genetic material

    • How does the rough endoplasmic reticulum differ from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

  • It transports vesicles around the cell
  • It is responsible for detoxification
  • It is involved in lipid synthesis
  • It has ribosomes embedded in its surface (correct)

    • What is chromatin primarily composed of?

  • DNA and its associated proteins (correct)
  • Proteins and carbohydrates
  • Nuclear pores and nucleoplasm
  • RNA and lipids

    • During which phase are individual chromosomes visible?

    <p>Cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes up the nucleoplasm?

    <p>Chromatin and other contents of the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the endoplasmic reticulum play in cellular function?

    <p>It folds proteins and transports synthesized proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of nuclear pores?

    <p>To regulate transport in and out of the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure surrounds the nucleus and regulates what enters and exits?

    <p>Nuclear envelope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary end product of glycolysis?

    <p>Pyruvate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many ATP molecules are produced during glycolysis?

    <p>2 ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of NADH in the metabolic pathways depicted in the figure?

    <p>To transfer electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the citric acid cycle, which molecule is regenerated to continue the cycle?

    <p>Oxaloacetate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the electron transport chain primarily occur?

    <p>Mitochondrion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process takes place after glycolysis in the presence of oxygen?

    <p>Citric acid cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electron carrier is mentioned as also transferring electrons alongside NADH?

    <p>FADH2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is produced from each pyruvate during the transition reaction?

    <p>Acetyl CoA and NADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule enters the citric acid cycle?

    <p>Acetyl CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many NADH molecules are produced during one turn of the citric acid cycle?

    <p>Six</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a waste product released during the citric acid cycle?

    <p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of cellular respiration involves the generation of FADH2?

    <p>Citric acid cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the transition reaction take place?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many ATP molecules are produced in the citric acid cycle per turn?

    <p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does NADH serve as in cellular respiration?

    <p>A carrier of high-energy electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of microtubules in the cell?

    <p>To facilitate movement and structure of cilia and flagella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes centrioles?

    <p>They are located near the nucleus and play a role in cell division.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes cilia from flagella?

    <p>Cilia are numerous short extensions, while flagella are larger and fewer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structural composition of a centriole?

    <p>Nine sets of three microtubules arranged in a ring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for maintaining permanent structural integrity in cells?

    <p>Intermediate filaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the arrangement of the outer and inner membranes of a mitochondrion?

    <p>Double membrane creating two compartments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option correctly describes the function of cilia in human cells?

    <p>Cilia help move materials around the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property of microtubules allows for their dynamic behavior in the cell?

    <p>They disassemble and reassemble.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is produced from each molecule of acetyl CoA that enters the citric acid cycle?

    <p>One ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule serves as a starting substrate for the citric acid cycle?

    <p>Oxaloacetate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is released during the transition reaction of pyruvate?

    <p>CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many ATP are generated in total from two cycles of the citric acid cycle?

    <p>Four ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is formed after acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetate?

    <p>Citrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function does NAD+ serve in the citric acid cycle?

    <p>Electron acceptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Nucleus

    • Contains chromatin, a complex of DNA and associated proteins
    • Contains a nucleolus, a specialized region involved in the production of ribosomal RNA

    The Endoplasmic Reticulum

    • Moves materials inside the cell
    • Smooth endoplasmic reticulum lacks ribosomes
    • Rough endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes embedded in its surface
    • Involved in protein folding and the transport of synthesized proteins in vesicles to the Golgi apparatus

    Mitochondria

    • Has an outer membrane and inner membrane that creates two compartments
    • Cristae are folds in the inner membrane which increases surface area
    • The site of cellular respiration
    • Plays a role in ATP production

    The Cytoskeleton

    • Network that provides shape and support for the cell
    • Composed of thick microtubules, intermediate filaments and thin microfilaments
    • Centrioles are microtubule-organizing centers located near the nucleus.

    Centrioles

    • Organized as a pair
    • Each composed of nine sets of three microtubules arranged in a ring
    • May function in cell division and in the formation of cilia and flagella

    Microtubules

    • Made of the protein tubulin
    • Responsible for the structure and movement of cilia and flagella
    • Cilia are numerous short extensions in a cell that move back and forth, found in cells lining the respiratory tract
    • Flagella are larger than cilia and move in an undulating manner, found only on sperm cells

    Cellular Respiration

    • Phase 2: Transition reaction
      • Occurs within the mitochondria
      • Removes carbon as CO2 from each pyruvate
      • Generates an acetyl CoA molecule and NADH molecule from each pyruvate broken down
    • Phase 3: Citric acid cycle or Krebs cycle
      • Occurs within the mitochondria
      • Acetyl CoA enters the citric acid cycle
      • Produces two ATP, two FADH2, and six NADH molecules and releases CO2 as a waste product

    Citric Acid Cycle

    • Acetyl CoA, the two-carbon compound formed during the transition reaction, enters the citric acid cycle
    • Generates several molecules of FADH2 and NADH which are carriers of high-energy electrons that enter the electron transport chain.
    • Yields one ATP from each acetyl CoA that enters the cycle, for a net gain of two ATP.

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    Description

    Dive into the fascinating world of cell biology with this quiz on cell structure and function. Explore the components such as the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, cytoskeleton, and centrioles. Test your knowledge and understanding of how these parts contribute to the cell's overall functionality.

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