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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the nucleolus within the nucleus?
What is the primary function of the nucleolus within the nucleus?
- Synthesis of lipids
- Transport of proteins
- Production of ribosomal RNA (correct)
- Storage of genetic material
How does the rough endoplasmic reticulum differ from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
How does the rough endoplasmic reticulum differ from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
- It transports vesicles around the cell
- It is responsible for detoxification
- It is involved in lipid synthesis
- It has ribosomes embedded in its surface (correct)
What is chromatin primarily composed of?
What is chromatin primarily composed of?
- DNA and its associated proteins (correct)
- Proteins and carbohydrates
- Nuclear pores and nucleoplasm
- RNA and lipids
During which phase are individual chromosomes visible?
During which phase are individual chromosomes visible?
What makes up the nucleoplasm?
What makes up the nucleoplasm?
What role does the endoplasmic reticulum play in cellular function?
What role does the endoplasmic reticulum play in cellular function?
What is the function of nuclear pores?
What is the function of nuclear pores?
What structure surrounds the nucleus and regulates what enters and exits?
What structure surrounds the nucleus and regulates what enters and exits?
What is the primary end product of glycolysis?
What is the primary end product of glycolysis?
How many ATP molecules are produced during glycolysis?
How many ATP molecules are produced during glycolysis?
What is the role of NADH in the metabolic pathways depicted in the figure?
What is the role of NADH in the metabolic pathways depicted in the figure?
During the citric acid cycle, which molecule is regenerated to continue the cycle?
During the citric acid cycle, which molecule is regenerated to continue the cycle?
Where does the electron transport chain primarily occur?
Where does the electron transport chain primarily occur?
What process takes place after glycolysis in the presence of oxygen?
What process takes place after glycolysis in the presence of oxygen?
Which electron carrier is mentioned as also transferring electrons alongside NADH?
Which electron carrier is mentioned as also transferring electrons alongside NADH?
What is produced from each pyruvate during the transition reaction?
What is produced from each pyruvate during the transition reaction?
Which molecule enters the citric acid cycle?
Which molecule enters the citric acid cycle?
How many NADH molecules are produced during one turn of the citric acid cycle?
How many NADH molecules are produced during one turn of the citric acid cycle?
What is a waste product released during the citric acid cycle?
What is a waste product released during the citric acid cycle?
Which phase of cellular respiration involves the generation of FADH2?
Which phase of cellular respiration involves the generation of FADH2?
Where does the transition reaction take place?
Where does the transition reaction take place?
How many ATP molecules are produced in the citric acid cycle per turn?
How many ATP molecules are produced in the citric acid cycle per turn?
What does NADH serve as in cellular respiration?
What does NADH serve as in cellular respiration?
What is the primary function of microtubules in the cell?
What is the primary function of microtubules in the cell?
Which statement correctly describes centrioles?
Which statement correctly describes centrioles?
What distinguishes cilia from flagella?
What distinguishes cilia from flagella?
What is the structural composition of a centriole?
What is the structural composition of a centriole?
Which type of cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for maintaining permanent structural integrity in cells?
Which type of cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for maintaining permanent structural integrity in cells?
Which of the following describes the arrangement of the outer and inner membranes of a mitochondrion?
Which of the following describes the arrangement of the outer and inner membranes of a mitochondrion?
Which option correctly describes the function of cilia in human cells?
Which option correctly describes the function of cilia in human cells?
What property of microtubules allows for their dynamic behavior in the cell?
What property of microtubules allows for their dynamic behavior in the cell?
What is produced from each molecule of acetyl CoA that enters the citric acid cycle?
What is produced from each molecule of acetyl CoA that enters the citric acid cycle?
Which molecule serves as a starting substrate for the citric acid cycle?
Which molecule serves as a starting substrate for the citric acid cycle?
What is released during the transition reaction of pyruvate?
What is released during the transition reaction of pyruvate?
How many ATP are generated in total from two cycles of the citric acid cycle?
How many ATP are generated in total from two cycles of the citric acid cycle?
Which compound is formed after acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetate?
Which compound is formed after acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetate?
What function does NAD+ serve in the citric acid cycle?
What function does NAD+ serve in the citric acid cycle?
Study Notes
The Nucleus
- Contains chromatin, a complex of DNA and associated proteins
- Contains a nucleolus, a specialized region involved in the production of ribosomal RNA
The Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Moves materials inside the cell
- Smooth endoplasmic reticulum lacks ribosomes
- Rough endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes embedded in its surface
- Involved in protein folding and the transport of synthesized proteins in vesicles to the Golgi apparatus
Mitochondria
- Has an outer membrane and inner membrane that creates two compartments
- Cristae are folds in the inner membrane which increases surface area
- The site of cellular respiration
- Plays a role in ATP production
The Cytoskeleton
- Network that provides shape and support for the cell
- Composed of thick microtubules, intermediate filaments and thin microfilaments
- Centrioles are microtubule-organizing centers located near the nucleus.
Centrioles
- Organized as a pair
- Each composed of nine sets of three microtubules arranged in a ring
- May function in cell division and in the formation of cilia and flagella
Microtubules
- Made of the protein tubulin
- Responsible for the structure and movement of cilia and flagella
- Cilia are numerous short extensions in a cell that move back and forth, found in cells lining the respiratory tract
- Flagella are larger than cilia and move in an undulating manner, found only on sperm cells
Cellular Respiration
- Phase 2: Transition reaction
- Occurs within the mitochondria
- Removes carbon as CO2 from each pyruvate
- Generates an acetyl CoA molecule and NADH molecule from each pyruvate broken down
- Phase 3: Citric acid cycle or Krebs cycle
- Occurs within the mitochondria
- Acetyl CoA enters the citric acid cycle
- Produces two ATP, two FADH2, and six NADH molecules and releases CO2 as a waste product
Citric Acid Cycle
- Acetyl CoA, the two-carbon compound formed during the transition reaction, enters the citric acid cycle
- Generates several molecules of FADH2 and NADH which are carriers of high-energy electrons that enter the electron transport chain.
- Yields one ATP from each acetyl CoA that enters the cycle, for a net gain of two ATP.
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Description
Dive into the fascinating world of cell biology with this quiz on cell structure and function. Explore the components such as the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, cytoskeleton, and centrioles. Test your knowledge and understanding of how these parts contribute to the cell's overall functionality.
