Cell Structure and Function Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which layer of the skin is composed of stratified squamous epithelium?

Reticular layer
Epidermis (correct)
Subcutaneous layer
Papillary layer

What type of connective tissue is found in the papillary layer of the dermis?

Dense regular connective tissue
Reticular connective tissue
Areolar connective tissue (correct)
Hyaline cartilage

What is another name for the subcutaneous layer?

Stratum corneum
Epidermis
Hypodermis (correct)
Dermal layer

Which of the following is NOT a component of the accessory structures associated with the skin?

Lymph nodes (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell is the primary component of the epidermis?

Keratinocytes (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the dermis consists of dense irregular connective tissue?

Reticular layer (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of arrector pili muscles in the skin?

Cause hair to stand upright (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of malignant melanoma?

UV light exposure (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about vitiligo is correct?

It involves the complete or partial loss of melanocytes. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes age spots?

They are accumulations of melanin due to age and sun exposure. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic distinguishes atypical or dysplastic nevi?

They have irregular shapes and borders. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is true about basal cell carcinoma (BCC)?

It has a 100% 5-year survival rate. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the stratum corneum?

Acting as a barrier to pathogens (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which process describes the replacement of cell contents with keratin in keratinocytes?

Keratinization (C) Signup and view all the answers

What role do epidermal ridges play in the skin?

They provide identification through unique patterns. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common characteristic of psoriasis?

Rapidly shedding immature keratinocytes (D) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes corns from calluses?

Corns have a hard center and are deeper. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are primarily responsible for creating the connective tissue in the dermis?

Fibroblasts (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the elastic fibers in the dermis?

To allow for skin stretch (D) Signup and view all the answers

How long does it typically take for keratinocytes to move from the deeper layers of the epidermis to the surface?

4 to 6 weeks (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of pigment is eumelanin?

Brown, yellow-brown, or black pigment (B) Signup and view all the answers

What causes dandruff in relation to the keratinized cells of the scalp?

Excessive shedding of keratinized cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of the dermis responsible for tissue strength?

Collagen fibers (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which pigment is primarily found in hair, freckles, lips, and nipples?

Pheomelanin (C) Signup and view all the answers

What effect does increased blood flow have on skin color?

It causes redness (erythema). (D) Signup and view all the answers

Cyanosis is best described as what?

Bluish color of nail beds and skin. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Jaundice indicates what color change in the skin?

Yellow (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is primarily characterized by the paleness of the skin?

Pallor (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of albinism?

Inherited inability to produce melanin (B) Signup and view all the answers

What primary function do keratinocytes serve in the epidermis?

Protect against mechanical stress and pathogens (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the precursor of vitamin A mentioned in the content?

Carotene (B) Signup and view all the answers

What condition describes the skin's response to sustained reduction in blood flow?

Cyanosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about melanocytes is true?

They absorb UV light and produce melanin. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What effect does beta carotene have beyond being a vitamin A precursor?

It helps protect the skin. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How do Langerhans cells contribute to skin health?

They present antigens to the immune system. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the lifespan of cells in the stratum corneum before they are typically shed?

2 weeks (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which epidermal cells are least numerous and are involved in touch sensation?

Tactile epithelial cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

From where are Langerhans cells derived?

Bone marrow stem cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of lamellar granules produced by keratinocytes?

To serve as a waterproof sealant (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why do cells with the highest metabolic demand reside closest to the dermis?

They require oxygen and nutrients from capillaries. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which epidermal layer lacks blood vessels?

Entire epidermis (B) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Epidermis

The superficial, thinner layer of the cutaneous membrane, composed of stratified squamous epithelium. It is avascular.

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

The type of tissue that makes up the epidermis, consisting of multiple layers of flattened cells.

Keratinocytes

The primary cell type in the epidermis, producing keratin.

Subcutaneous Layer

The layer beneath the skin; not part of the skin itself. Also known as the hypodermis or superficial fascia.