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Questions and Answers
What type of transport does not require metabolic energy?
What type of transport does not require metabolic energy?
- Simple diffusion (correct)
- Ion channel transport
- Active transport
- Facilitated diffusion (correct)
Which type of transport involves the use of ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient?
Which type of transport involves the use of ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient?
- Facilitated diffusion
- Simple diffusion
- Passive transport
- Active transport (correct)
What is the function of ion channels in the cell membrane?
What is the function of ion channels in the cell membrane?
- To actively transport substances across the membrane
- To facilitate simple diffusion
- To allow charged ions to move across the membrane (correct)
- To maintain the electrical gradient across the membrane
What drives the movement of ions across the cell membrane?
What drives the movement of ions across the cell membrane?
What is the direction of facilitated diffusion?
What is the direction of facilitated diffusion?
What is a characteristic of simple diffusion?
What is a characteristic of simple diffusion?
What factor affects cell membrane permeability?
What factor affects cell membrane permeability?
What are some of the applications of biophysics?
What are some of the applications of biophysics?
What is the direction of ion movement driven by concentration gradients?
What is the direction of ion movement driven by concentration gradients?
What is the main function of the plasma membrane?
What is the main function of the plasma membrane?
What is the primary component of the plasma membrane?
What is the primary component of the plasma membrane?
What is the role of the cell membrane in cell signaling?
What is the role of the cell membrane in cell signaling?
What is the main difference between intracellular and extracellular fluids?
What is the main difference between intracellular and extracellular fluids?
What is the primary mechanism of passive transport?
What is the primary mechanism of passive transport?
What is facilitated diffusion?
What is facilitated diffusion?
What is the main function of simple diffusion?
What is the main function of simple diffusion?
What is the primary reason for the generation of electrical potentials across nerve cell membranes?
What is the primary reason for the generation of electrical potentials across nerve cell membranes?
What is the result of a difference in the concentration of K+ ions on both sides of the membrane?
What is the result of a difference in the concentration of K+ ions on both sides of the membrane?
What is the typical membrane potential of a living cell?
What is the typical membrane potential of a living cell?
What is the name of the equation that describes the voltage created by the difference in concentration of ions?
What is the name of the equation that describes the voltage created by the difference in concentration of ions?
What is the role of the charge on the ion in the Nernst equation?
What is the role of the charge on the ion in the Nernst equation?
What happens to the movement of ions when the membrane potential changes?
What happens to the movement of ions when the membrane potential changes?
What is the state of the cell when the diffusion of high concentration to low concentration is balanced by Coulomb forces?
What is the state of the cell when the diffusion of high concentration to low concentration is balanced by Coulomb forces?
What is the result of the excess positive ions diffusing into the fluid inside the cell?
What is the result of the excess positive ions diffusing into the fluid inside the cell?
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Study Notes
Biophysics Applications
- Data analysis and structure
- Computer modeling
- Molecules in motion
- Neuroscience
- Bioimaging
- Medical applications
Cell Structure
- Cells have three main parts: plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus
- Plasma membrane: thin, flexible barrier separating cell interior from outside environment
- Plasma membrane components: lipids (phospholipids and cholesterol), proteins, and carbohydrate groups
Plasma Membrane Functions
- Protects cell interior
- Provides support and maintains cell shape
- Regulates cell growth through endocytosis and exocytosis
- Plays a role in cell signaling and communication
- Acts as a selectively permeable membrane
Fluid Composition
- Intracellular fluid: high in potassium, phosphate, and proteins
- Extracellular fluid: high in sodium and chloride ions, with smaller concentrations of proteins
- Solute and ion gradients maintain fluid equilibrium and membrane electrical potential
Membrane Transport
- Passive transport: molecules move down concentration or electrochemical gradient
- Types of passive transport: simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis
- Active transport: molecules move against concentration gradient, using ATP energy
Ion Channels and Movement
- Ion channels: proteins that allow charged ions to move across the membrane
- Concentration and electrical gradients drive ion movement
- Ion diffusion is a passive process, no energy required
- Electrical gradients can drive ion movement
Factors Affecting Cell Membrane Permeability
- Cell membrane composition
- Temperature
- pH of surrounding environment
- Polarity, electric charge, and molecular mass of molecules passing through the membrane
Electrical Signals and Ion Movement
- Electrical potentials are generated across nerve cell membranes due to ion concentration differences
- Ion movement down concentration gradients generates electrical potential
- Membrane potential: -70mV, with negative inside and positive outside
- Changes in ion movement or membrane potential influence each other
Resting State and Nernst Equation
- Resting state: equilibrium between ion diffusion and Coulomb forces
- Nernst equation: calculates voltage created by concentration differences
- Equation: Voltage = (kT/Ze) * ln(Cin/Cout)
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