30 Questions
What is the function of Catanins or Catinons in the coherence structure?
Aiding in the interaction with cytoskeletal elements within the cell
What is the role of the multi-cadherent structure outside of the cell?
Enabling the structure to interact with extracellular elements
What is the function of Alpha, Beta, and Gamma in the coherence structure?
Acting as a bridge between different cells
What is the relationship between the number of coherents and surface tension?
The higher the number of coherents, the higher the surface tension
How does the amount of pkadherin in red cells compare to the amount in green cells?
Red cells have higher amounts of pkadherin than green cells
In what scenario do the green cells and red cells almost randomly form a mosaic amongst each other?
When the number of Ecoherein in green and red cells is equivalent
What is the key component of the extracellular matrix mentioned in the text?
Heparin sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG)
In the context of cell signalling pathways, what can lead to the activation of a transcription factor?
Phosphorylation of transcription factor
What is the role of Morphogen in the cell signalling cascade described in the text?
Formation of a tissue identity
What happens to cartilage growth before birth?
It stops
How does perturbing receptors or cell signaling molecules affect development?
It can have profound developmental consequences
What are the key consequences of perturbing developmental pathways?
Both profound and subtle developmental consequences
What is the main function of the hedgehog signaling pathway?
To mediate proper development of structures
What happens to mRNA in the cytoplasm after it is transcribed from the nucleus?
It is ready for translation by ribosomes
What are the two key modifications necessary to ensure that the morphogen is in an active form?
N and C terminus modifications
What happens when cells are exposed to intermediate concentrations of morphogen?
They activate a different set of genes and inhibit the genes induced at higher concentrations
What determines whether a cell will express goosecoid, Xbra, or neither gene?
A threshold value based on the concentration of Activin
What is the effect of high concentrations of Activin on gene expression in cells?
They activate Xbra but inhibit goosecoid expression
What is the role of fibronectin in the Xenopus embryo?
It orients the movements of the mesodermal cells
What is the function of integrins in the fibronectin receptor complex?
Mediating interactions between cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix
What is the significance of the amount of cadherin molecules on cell membranes in morphogenesis?
It causes sorting based on cadherin number between cells expressing different cadherin proteins
What is the consequence of Xbra inhibiting the expression of goosecoid?
Formation of a distinct boundary
Which part of the developing chick shows the presence of Fgf8 protein?
In the optic vesicle of the developing eye
What is the role of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) in the activation of the RTK signal transduction pathway by fibroblast growth factor?
Causing dimerization of RTKs
What is the role of Swim in the diffusion of Wingless (Wg) in Drosophila wings?
Stabilizing Wg and enhancing its diffusion
What process is crucial for the regulation of Wnt signaling pathways?
Phosphorylation and Ubiquitination
In TGF-β superfamily signaling, what is responsible for the activation of the Smad pathway?
Different TGF-beta ligands
What effect does the absence of Swim have on the diffusion of Wingless (Wg) in Drosophila wings?
Wg does not disperse and is confined to specific cells
Which protein is mentioned as enhancing the diffusion of Wingless (Wg) in Drosophila wings?
Swim
What is critical for the regulation of TGF-β superfamily ligands' effect on Smad pathway activation?
Phosphorylation of different Smads
This quiz covers the cell signalling pathways related to receptor tyrosine kinase and the process of dimerization. It includes details about Fgf ligand dimers, homo dimers, and the involvement of heparin sulfate proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix.
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