Cell Signalling and Pharmacology Chapter 4

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

What is the time scale of the adrenaline-mediated breakdown of glycogen?

Minutes

Seconds (correct)

Days

Hours

What is the effect of PKA entering the nucleus?

No effect on transcription factors

Degradation of transcription factors

Inhibition of transcription factors

Activation of transcription factors (correct)

What is the primary function of the intracellular portion of a G protein-coupled receptor?

To span the membrane

To interact with a trimeric G protein (correct)

To exhibit intrinsic enzyme activity

To bind to extracellular signalling molecules

What is the result of cholera toxin binding to Gas?

Over stimulation of adenylyl cyclase Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe receptors that have intrinsic enzyme activity?

Enzyme-linked receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the class of G protein that activates phospholipase C to induce Ca2+ mediated events?

Gaq Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of GTP in G proteins?

To activate the G protein Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the oxytocin receptor in the brain?

Induction of Ca2+ mediated events to influence behavioral changes Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which G proteins switch off?

Hydrolysis of GTP to GDP Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the long-term strengthening of neuronal connections?

LTP Signup and view all the answers

How many GPCRs are estimated to be present in humans?

800 Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the receptors that bind an enormous range of extracellular signalling molecules?

G protein-coupled receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the binding of the Ga subunit to an effector molecule?

Stimulation of the effector molecule Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the RGS protein?

To aid in the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the Gas class of Ga subunits on adenylyl cyclase?

Stimulation of adenylyl cyclase Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the Ga subunit after it hydrolyzes GTP to GDP?

It reassembles with the bg complex Signup and view all the answers

What determines the class of a Ga subunit?

The effector molecule it couples with Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the GTPase activity of the Ga subunit?

To hydrolyze GTP to GDP Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of adaptor molecules, such as Grb2 and Shc, in RTK signaling?

To recruit and bind effector signaling molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the insulin receptor in regulating glucose uptake in muscle and fat cells?

To trigger the translocation of GLUT-4 transporters to the plasma membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of cytokine receptors?

They recruit soluble tyrosine kinase, such as JAK, to initiate signal transduction Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of GEF in RTK signaling?

To activate the monomeric G protein Ras Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of enzyme-linked receptors?

To possess intrinsic enzyme activity Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of PI3-kinase in insulin-induced signaling?

To trigger the translocation of GLUT-4 transporters to the plasma membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of prolactin binding to JAK Ligand?

Receptor dimerisation and JAK recruitment and activation Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the tyrosine kinase enzyme in Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs)?

To phosphorylate and activate the receptor Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of GPCR signalling on physiological processes?

It regulates a vast array of physiological processes Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of JAKs phosphorylating each other and the receptor?

Recruitment of STAT transcription factor to phosphorylated tyrosine residues on the receptor Signup and view all the answers

What is required for Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) to become active?

Receptor dimerisation Signup and view all the answers