Endocytosis and Barrestin Signaling Quiz

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What does AKAP stand for in the context of the given text?

Adenosine kinase anchoring proteins

A kinase anchoring proteins (correct)

Aromatic kinase anchoring proteins

A kinase activating proteins

Which protein plays a dominant role in chronotropy and inotropy in normal heart cells?

PKA

Adenylate cyclase

$\beta1$AR (correct)

$\beta2$AR

What does an inappropriate increase in sympathetic activity lead to?

Decreased heart rate

Decreased contractility of the heart

Increased heart rate (correct)

Stabilization of heart function

Where do A kinase anchoring proteins (AKAP) localize b AR, PKA, PDEs, and Adenylate cyclase in cardiac muscle?

T-tubules Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor has a modest role in chronotropy but little role in inotropy in normal heart cells?

$\beta2$AR Signup and view all the answers

What type of channels are the signaling machinery proteins localized near in cardiac muscle T-tubules?

Calcium channels Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor is associated with Oxytocin?

Oxytocin OT Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor is involved in signaling via Gs and Gz?

Galanin GAL2 Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor can activate Gq/11 and G12/13 signaling pathways?

Cannabinoid CB1 Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor is associated with the vasopressin V1a?

Vasopressin V1a Signup and view all the answers

Which receptors are involved in endogenous/heterologous signaling?

Gonadotropin releasing hormone Signup and view all the answers

Which receptors are associated with Gi, Gs, and Gq/11 signaling pathways?

Melanocortin MC4 Signup and view all the answers

Which receptors are involved in GTPγS o second messenger analysis?

Cannabinoid CB1 Signup and view all the answers

If a receptor can activate many signaling pathways, how is one specific signaling pathway selected?

By the specificity of the ligand binding Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the internalization of Class A and Class B receptors with β-arrestin?

Class A receptors interact with β-arrestin and are targeted to clathrin-coated pits for transient ERK1/2 activation, while Class B receptors are targeted to endosomes for prolonged ERK1/2 activation and GPCR degradation. Signup and view all the answers

Which process does β-arrestin briefly perform in relation to the β1-adrenergic receptor (β1-AR)?

β-arrestin briefly ‘kisses’ β1-AR, locates to clathrin-coated structures at the plasma membrane, and then activates ERK1/2. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of G proteins in internalization-dependent activation mediated by Class A/B receptors?

G proteins target the endosome or Golgi after internalization, recruit the Gs protein, and induce cAMP accumulation for ERK1/2 activation. Signup and view all the answers

What happens after the binding of β-arrestin in the context of Class A receptors?

β-arrestin binding is transient in endosomes and is followed by rapid recycling of the receptors back to the plasma membrane. Signup and view all the answers

How is internalization-dependent ERK signaling different between Class A receptors and Class B receptors?

Class A receptors involve transient ERK signaling near the membrane, while Class B receptors involve prolonged ERK signaling in endosomes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of G protein mediated internalization-dependent activation after internalization?

It results in cAMP accumulation that induces ERK1/2 activation in endosomes or Golgi. Signup and view all the answers