Endocytosis and Barrestin Signaling Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What does AKAP stand for in the context of the given text?

  • Adenosine kinase anchoring proteins
  • A kinase anchoring proteins (correct)
  • Aromatic kinase anchoring proteins
  • A kinase activating proteins

Which protein plays a dominant role in chronotropy and inotropy in normal heart cells?

  • PKA
  • Adenylate cyclase
  • $\beta1$AR (correct)
  • $\beta2$AR

What does an inappropriate increase in sympathetic activity lead to?

  • Decreased heart rate
  • Decreased contractility of the heart
  • Increased heart rate (correct)
  • Stabilization of heart function

Where do A kinase anchoring proteins (AKAP) localize b AR, PKA, PDEs, and Adenylate cyclase in cardiac muscle?

<p>T-tubules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor has a modest role in chronotropy but little role in inotropy in normal heart cells?

<p>$\beta2$AR (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of channels are the signaling machinery proteins localized near in cardiac muscle T-tubules?

<p>Calcium channels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor is associated with Oxytocin?

<p>Oxytocin OT (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor is involved in signaling via Gs and Gz?

<p>Galanin GAL2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor can activate Gq/11 and G12/13 signaling pathways?

<p>Cannabinoid CB1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor is associated with the vasopressin V1a?

<p>Vasopressin V1a (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which receptors are involved in endogenous/heterologous signaling?

<p>Gonadotropin releasing hormone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which receptors are associated with Gi, Gs, and Gq/11 signaling pathways?

<p>Melanocortin MC4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which receptors are involved in GTPγS o second messenger analysis?

<p>Cannabinoid CB1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a receptor can activate many signaling pathways, how is one specific signaling pathway selected?

<p>By the specificity of the ligand binding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the internalization of Class A and Class B receptors with β-arrestin?

<p>Class A receptors interact with β-arrestin and are targeted to clathrin-coated pits for transient ERK1/2 activation, while Class B receptors are targeted to endosomes for prolonged ERK1/2 activation and GPCR degradation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process does β-arrestin briefly perform in relation to the β1-adrenergic receptor (β1-AR)?

<p>β-arrestin briefly ‘kisses’ β1-AR, locates to clathrin-coated structures at the plasma membrane, and then activates ERK1/2. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of G proteins in internalization-dependent activation mediated by Class A/B receptors?

<p>G proteins target the endosome or Golgi after internalization, recruit the Gs protein, and induce cAMP accumulation for ERK1/2 activation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens after the binding of β-arrestin in the context of Class A receptors?

<p>β-arrestin binding is transient in endosomes and is followed by rapid recycling of the receptors back to the plasma membrane. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is internalization-dependent ERK signaling different between Class A receptors and Class B receptors?

<p>Class A receptors involve transient ERK signaling near the membrane, while Class B receptors involve prolonged ERK signaling in endosomes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of G protein mediated internalization-dependent activation after internalization?

<p>It results in cAMP accumulation that induces ERK1/2 activation in endosomes or Golgi. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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