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Questions and Answers
What process results in the formation of identical offspring through DNA copying and equal division?
What process results in the formation of identical offspring through DNA copying and equal division?
Which phase of the cell cycle is primarily associated with cell division?
Which phase of the cell cycle is primarily associated with cell division?
What term describes the total chromosome number found in somatic cells?
What term describes the total chromosome number found in somatic cells?
In meiosis, what is the significance of crossing over?
In meiosis, what is the significance of crossing over?
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What type of cells are classified as haploid?
What type of cells are classified as haploid?
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Study Notes
Cell Reproduction
- Binary Fission: DNA is copied and pinched into two separate cells
- Cell Cycle: Consists of Interphase (G1, S, G2) and Mitosis/Cytokinesis. Interphase encompasses growth and DNA replication of cells. Mitosis is the division of the nucleus, and Cytokinesis is the actual division of the cell.
- Mitosis: Asexual reproduction creating identical offspring/clones, involving division of the nucleus.
- Interphase: Includes three phases (G1, S, G2), preceding mitosis, where the cell grows and replicates DNA
- Centromere: Region that holds sister chromatids together; a part of the chromosome.
- Centriole: Organelle involved in creating spindle fibers.
- Chromatin: Unwound DNA.
- Chromosome: Tightly packaged, organized DNA strands during cell division/replication.
- Gametes: Sex cells (e.g., sperm, egg)
- Zygote: Fertilized egg cell formed by fusion of sperm and egg, creating a diploid cell
- Haploid: Having half the normal chromosome number (e.g., gametes)
- Diploid: Having the full normal chromosome number (e.g., somatic cells)
- Homologous Chromosomes: Pairs of chromosomes with similar genetic information.
- Crossing over: Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis
- Meiosis: Cell division creating gametes, results in haploid cells
- Somatic cells: Normal body cells, not gametes (include skin, muscle, bone cells)
- Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase: Stages of mitosis/meiosis
- Spindle fibers: Structures that help chromosomes move during cell division, created by centrioles
- Spores: Cells produced for asexual reproduction or dispersal
- Budding: Asexual reproduction in which new organisms develop from buds on the existing organism, including vegetative propagation of plants
- Cancer Cell Cycle Timing: Abnormally rapid cell division
Other Concepts
- Vegetative Propagation: Asexual reproduction creating a new plant from a part of an original plant
- Chromatid: One of the two identical copies of DNA making up a chromosome
- Differentiation: Process by which cells become specialized to perform specific functions
- Daughter Cells: Cells produced as a result of cell division
- Benign: Non-cancerous (not spreading)
- Malignant: Cancerous, spreading (invading)
- Tumor: Mass of abnormally dividing cells
- Karyotype: Visual representation of an organism’s complete set of chromosomes
- Nondisjunction: Error in meiosis, when chromosomes fail to separate correctly.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts of cell reproduction, including binary fission, the cell cycle, and the processes of mitosis and cytokinesis. Learn about important components like centromeres, centrioles, and the formation of gametes and zygotes. Perfect for students studying cellular biology.
