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Questions and Answers
What process involves the division of the nucleus during cell division?
What process involves the division of the nucleus during cell division?
- Binary Fission
- Mitosis (correct)
- Interphase
- Cytokinesis
Which term describes the genetic composition where the chromosome number is halved?
Which term describes the genetic composition where the chromosome number is halved?
- Diploid
- Somatic
- Haploid (correct)
- Homologous
What type of cells form from the fusion of sperm and egg?
What type of cells form from the fusion of sperm and egg?
- Daughter cells
- Zygote (correct)
- Somatic cells
- Gametes
Which stage of the cell cycle is characterized by growth and preparation for DNA replication?
Which stage of the cell cycle is characterized by growth and preparation for DNA replication?
What type of tumor is characterized as non-cancerous and does not invade nearby tissues?
What type of tumor is characterized as non-cancerous and does not invade nearby tissues?
Flashcards
Cell Cycle
Cell Cycle
The process by which a cell divides into two identical daughter cells. It involves copying the DNA, then separating the copied DNA and the cytoplasm into two new cells.
Mitosis
Mitosis
A type of cell division that produces two daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell. It is crucial for growth, repair, and development in multicellular organisms.
Interphase
Interphase
The state of a cell when it's not actively dividing. It includes three phases: G1 (growth), S (DNA synthesis), and G2 (preparation for division).
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis
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Asexual Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction
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Study Notes
Cell Reproduction
- Binary Fission: DNA is copied and pinched into two equal parts.
- Cell Cycle:
- Interphase (G1, S, G2): Cell prepares for division
- Mitosis: Nucleus divides
- Cytokinesis: Cytoplasm divides
- Mitosis: Asexual reproduction creates identical offspring.
- Nucleus divides
- Centriole: Organelle that makes spindle fibers.
- Centromere: Point where duplicated chromosomes connect.
- Chromatin: Unwound DNA
- Chromosome: Tightly packed DNA
- Gametes: Sex cells (sperm and egg).
- Zygote: Fertilized egg
- Haploid: Half the normal chromosome number (in gametes).
- Diploid: Full chromosome number (in somatic cells).
- Homologous chromosomes: Identical chromosomes.
- Crossing Over: Homologous chromosomes exchange segments during meiosis.
Types of Cell Division
- Meiosis: Cell division for gamete production resulting in four unique daughter cells.
- Somatic Cells: Regular body cells (skin, muscle, bone).
- Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase: Stages of mitosis.
- Spindle Fibers: Protein structures that pull chromosomes apart during mitosis and meiosis.
Other Cell Processes
- Spores: Reproductive cells formed by some organisms or plants.
- Budding: A type of asexual reproduction where a new organism grows from an outgrowth of the parent organism.
- Vegetative Propagation: New plant growth from a part of the original plant.
- Cancer: uncontrolled and rapid cell proliferation disrupting normal cell cycle timing.
- Chromatid: Each half of a replicated chromosome
- Differentiation: Cells become specialized for their functions
- Daughter Cells: Cells produced after cell division
- Benign: Non-cancerous
- Malignant: cancerous
- Tumor: Abnormal growth of cells
- Karyotype: A display of an organism's chromosomes
- Centriole: structures that produce spindle fibers for separating chromosomes
- Nondisjunction: Failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis
- Stem Cell: Undifferentiated cells that can develop into different cell types.
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Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of cell reproduction, including binary fission, the cell cycle, and the processes of mitosis and meiosis. This quiz covers essential terminology such as gametes, zygotes, chromosomes, and the stages of cell division. Test your understanding of how cells replicate and the significance of genetic variation.
