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In order to fit within a cell DNA becomes more compacted by
In order to fit within a cell DNA becomes more compacted by
A protein disk that attaches two chromatids to each other in a chromosome is called a
A protein disk that attaches two chromatids to each other in a chromosome is called a
Which of the following is not a true difference between the chromosomes of eukaryotes and those of prokaryotes?
Which of the following is not a true difference between the chromosomes of eukaryotes and those of prokaryotes?
The chromosomes in your body
The chromosomes in your body
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A student in one of Mr. Wetmore’s biology classes decided to study a karyotype to learn about the
A student in one of Mr. Wetmore’s biology classes decided to study a karyotype to learn about the
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A diploid cell is one that
A diploid cell is one that
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Why do cells divide?
Why do cells divide?
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The division of the cytoplasm is called
The division of the cytoplasm is called
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The diploid number of chromosomes in a human skin cell is 46. How many chromosomes are in a human egg cell?
The diploid number of chromosomes in a human skin cell is 46. How many chromosomes are in a human egg cell?
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How many chromosomes are in the body cells of an organism that has a haploid number of 8?
How many chromosomes are in the body cells of an organism that has a haploid number of 8?
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The stage of the cell cycle that occupies most of the cell’s life is
The stage of the cell cycle that occupies most of the cell’s life is
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Which of the following shows the correct sequence of the cell cycle?
Which of the following shows the correct sequence of the cell cycle?
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The phase of mitosis that is characterized by the arrangement of all chromosomes along the equator of the cell is called
The phase of mitosis that is characterized by the arrangement of all chromosomes along the equator of the cell is called
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A spindle fiber is a specialized form of
A spindle fiber is a specialized form of
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A typical human cell contains 46 chromosomes. After mitosis and cytokinesis, each of the 2 new cells formed from the original cell
A typical human cell contains 46 chromosomes. After mitosis and cytokinesis, each of the 2 new cells formed from the original cell
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The cell in diagram 2 is in interphase. The cell in diagram 1 is in which stage of mitosis?
The cell in diagram 2 is in interphase. The cell in diagram 1 is in which stage of mitosis?
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The cell in diagram 2 is in interphase. Which diagram indicates the stage when mitosis begins?
The cell in diagram 2 is in interphase. Which diagram indicates the stage when mitosis begins?
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Which of the following correctly indicates the order in which these events occur?
Which of the following correctly indicates the order in which these events occur?
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During which stage do the centromeres divide?
During which stage do the centromeres divide?
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During meiosis, in which division do the homologues separate?
During meiosis, in which division do the homologues separate?
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Which cell will be a diploid cell at the completion of division?
Which cell will be a diploid cell at the completion of division?
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Which of these cells is in the process of dividing to form gametes?
Which of these cells is in the process of dividing to form gametes?
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During meiosis, the exchange of DNA between the members of chromosomes
During meiosis, the exchange of DNA between the members of chromosomes
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The "father" of modern genetics is
The "father" of modern genetics is
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Mendel prevented self-pollination of his plants by
Mendel prevented self-pollination of his plants by
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Mendel obtained his true breeding P generation (P = parent generation) by allowing plants to
Mendel obtained his true breeding P generation (P = parent generation) by allowing plants to
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What is the probability that the offspring of a homozygous dominant individual and a homozygous recessive individual will exhibit the dominant phenotype?
What is the probability that the offspring of a homozygous dominant individual and a homozygous recessive individual will exhibit the dominant phenotype?
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True breeding pea plants always
True breeding pea plants always
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The first filial generation, F₁, is the result of
The first filial generation, F₁, is the result of
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Which of the following is the designation for Mendel’s original pure strains of plants?
Which of the following is the designation for Mendel’s original pure strains of plants?
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The passing of traits from parents to offspring is called
The passing of traits from parents to offspring is called
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A genetic trait that appears in every generation of offspring is called
A genetic trait that appears in every generation of offspring is called
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The phenotype of an organism
The phenotype of an organism
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Mendel’s findings that the inheritance of one trait had no effect on the inheritance of another became known as the
Mendel’s findings that the inheritance of one trait had no effect on the inheritance of another became known as the
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To describe how traits disappear and reappear in a certain pattern from generation to generation, Mendel proposed the
To describe how traits disappear and reappear in a certain pattern from generation to generation, Mendel proposed the
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When Mendel crossed pea plants that differed in two characteristics, such as flower color and plant height
When Mendel crossed pea plants that differed in two characteristics, such as flower color and plant height
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Tallness (T) is dominant over shortness (t) in pea plants. Which of the following represents the genotype of the pea plant that is heterozygous for tallness?
Tallness (T) is dominant over shortness (t) in pea plants. Which of the following represents the genotype of the pea plant that is heterozygous for tallness?
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An individual heterozygous for a trait and an individual homozygous recessive for the trait are crossed and produce offspring. These offspring are likely to be
An individual heterozygous for a trait and an individual homozygous recessive for the trait are crossed and produce offspring. These offspring are likely to be
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If an individual has two recessive alleles for the same trait, the individual is said to be
If an individual has two recessive alleles for the same trait, the individual is said to be
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The phenotype represented in box 1 is
The phenotype represented in box 1 is
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The device shown, which is used to determine outcome of genetic crosses, is called a
The device shown, which is used to determine outcome of genetic crosses, is called a
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An organism that has inherited two of the same alleles of a gene from its parents is called
An organism that has inherited two of the same alleles of a gene from its parents is called
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The difference between a monohybrid cross and a dihybrid cross is that
The difference between a monohybrid cross and a dihybrid cross is that
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A cross of two individuals for a single contrasting trait is called
A cross of two individuals for a single contrasting trait is called
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The genotype of box 1 will be ______ for freckles. ______
The genotype of box 1 will be ______ for freckles. ______
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What is the main goal of mitosis and meiosis?
What is the main goal of mitosis and meiosis?
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The genotype in box 3 is ______
The genotype in box 3 is ______
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The genotype of box 1 will be ______ for freckles.
The genotype of box 1 will be ______ for freckles.
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The genotype in box 3 is ______ for freckles.
The genotype in box 3 is ______ for freckles.
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What is the phenotype of the parents?
What is the phenotype of the parents?
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What is the phenotype of box 3?
What is the phenotype of box 3?
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Study Notes
Cell Reproduction & Genetics
- DNA compaction: DNA becomes more compact by wrapping tightly around proteins called histones.
- Centromere: A protein disk that connects two chromatids in a chromosome.
- Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic Chromosomes: Eukaryotic chromosomes are linear and found in the nucleus, while prokaryotic chromosomes are circular and attached to the cell membrane.
- Human Chromosomes: Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, including 2 sex chromosomes and 44 autosomes.
- Karyotype: A visual representation of an organism's chromosomes used to study chromosome number and structure.
- Diploid Cell: A cell with two homologues of each chromosome, represented by 2n. Human skin cells are diploid, with 46 chromosomes.
- Haploid Cell: A cell with one homologue of each chromosome. Human egg cells are haploid, with 23 chromosomes.
- Cell Cycle Phases: A sequence of events that involve cell growth, DNA replication, and division: Interphase (G1, S, G2); Mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase); Cytokinesis. Interphase is the longest part of the cell cycle, where the cell performs its normal function.
- Mitosis Purpose: Growth, healing, and replacement
- Cytokinesis: The division of the cytoplasm.
- Interphase: The longest phase of the cell cycle, consisting of G1, S, and G2 stages, and is the period when the cell performs its normal function.
- Prophase: The first stage of mitosis, when chromosomes condense and become visible, the nuclear membrane breaks down, and the mitotic spindle forms.
- Metaphase: The second stage of mitosis, where the chromosomes line up at the middle (equator) of the cell.
- Anaphase: The third stage of mitosis, when sister chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cell.
- Telophase: The fourth stage of mitosis, when chromosomes reach opposite poles of the cell, and the nuclear membrane reforms.
- Cell Cycle Diagram: Diagrams are included depicting cell cycle stages.
Genetics
- Modern Genetics Father: Gregor Mendel
- True-breeding: Plants that always produce offspring with the same traits. Mendel used true-breeding parent plants (P generation) to study inheritance patterns.
- Monohybrid Cross: A cross between two individuals concerning one trait.
- Dihybrid Cross: A cross between two individuals concerning two traits.
- Phenotype: Observable traits.
- Genotype: Genetic makeup (e.g., BB or Bb).
- Homozygous: Having two identical alleles for a trait (e.g., BB or bb).
- Heterozygous: Having two different alleles for a trait (e.g., Bb).
- Dominant allele: An allele that masks the expression of another allele (e.g., B).
- Recessive allele: An allele whose expression is masked by a dominant allele (e.g., b).
- Gene: A segment of DNA that codes for a protein.
- Allele: Different versions of a gene.
- Punnett Square: A grid used to predict the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring in a genetic cross.
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Description
Test your knowledge on cell reproduction and genetics with this comprehensive quiz. Topics include DNA compaction, chromosome structure, and the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic chromosomes. Dive into human genetics and understand diploid and haploid cells.
