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Questions and Answers
In order to fit within a cell, DNA becomes more compacted by
In order to fit within a cell, DNA becomes more compacted by
A protein disk that attaches two chromatids to each other in a chromosome is called a
A protein disk that attaches two chromatids to each other in a chromosome is called a
Which of the following is not a true difference between the chromosomes of eukaryotes and those of prokaryotes?
Which of the following is not a true difference between the chromosomes of eukaryotes and those of prokaryotes?
The chromosomes in your body
The chromosomes in your body
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A student in one of Mr. Wetmore's biology classes decided to study a karyotype to learn about the
A student in one of Mr. Wetmore's biology classes decided to study a karyotype to learn about the
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A diploid cell is one that
A diploid cell is one that
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Why do cells divide?
Why do cells divide?
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The division of the cytoplasm is called
The division of the cytoplasm is called
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The diploid number of chromosomes in a human skin cell is 46. How many chromosomes are in a human egg cell?
The diploid number of chromosomes in a human skin cell is 46. How many chromosomes are in a human egg cell?
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How many chromosomes are in the body cells of an organism that has a haploid number of 8?
How many chromosomes are in the body cells of an organism that has a haploid number of 8?
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The stage of the cell cycle that occupies most of the cell's life is
The stage of the cell cycle that occupies most of the cell's life is
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Which of the following shows the correct sequence of the cell cycle?
Which of the following shows the correct sequence of the cell cycle?
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The phase of mitosis that is characterized by the arrangement of all chromosomes along the equator of the cell is called
The phase of mitosis that is characterized by the arrangement of all chromosomes along the equator of the cell is called
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A spindle fiber is a specialized form of
A spindle fiber is a specialized form of
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A typical human cell contains 46 chromosomes. After mitosis and cytokinesis, each of the 2 new cells formed from the original cell
A typical human cell contains 46 chromosomes. After mitosis and cytokinesis, each of the 2 new cells formed from the original cell
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The cell in diagram 2 is in interphase. The cell in diagram 1 is in which stage of mitosis?
The cell in diagram 2 is in interphase. The cell in diagram 1 is in which stage of mitosis?
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The cell in diagram 2 is in interphase. Which diagram indicates the stage when mitosis begins?
The cell in diagram 2 is in interphase. Which diagram indicates the stage when mitosis begins?
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Which of the following correctly indicates the order in which these events occur?
Which of the following correctly indicates the order in which these events occur?
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During which stage do the centromeres divide?
During which stage do the centromeres divide?
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During meiosis, in which division do the homologues separate?
During meiosis, in which division do the homologues separate?
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Which cell will be a diploid cell at the completion of division?
Which cell will be a diploid cell at the completion of division?
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Which of these cells is in the process of dividing to form gametes?
Which of these cells is in the process of dividing to form gametes?
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During meiosis, the exchange of DNA between the members of chromosomes
During meiosis, the exchange of DNA between the members of chromosomes
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The "father" of modern genetics is
The "father" of modern genetics is
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Mendel prevented self-pollination of his plants by
Mendel prevented self-pollination of his plants by
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Mendel obtained his true breeding P generation (P = parent generation) by allowing plants to
Mendel obtained his true breeding P generation (P = parent generation) by allowing plants to
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What is the probability that the offspring of a homozygous dominant individual and a homozygous recessive individual will exhibit the dominant phenotype?
What is the probability that the offspring of a homozygous dominant individual and a homozygous recessive individual will exhibit the dominant phenotype?
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True breeding pea plants always produce offspring each of which can have multiple forms of a trait.
True breeding pea plants always produce offspring each of which can have multiple forms of a trait.
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The first filial generation, F₁, is the result of
The first filial generation, F₁, is the result of
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Which of the following is the designation for Mendel's original pure strains of plants?
Which of the following is the designation for Mendel's original pure strains of plants?
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The passing of traits from parents to offspring is called
The passing of traits from parents to offspring is called
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A genetic trait that appears in every generation of offspring is called
A genetic trait that appears in every generation of offspring is called
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The phenotype of an organism
The phenotype of an organism
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Mendel's findings that the inheritance of one trait had no effect on the inheritance of another became known as the
Mendel's findings that the inheritance of one trait had no effect on the inheritance of another became known as the
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To describe how traits disappear and reappear in a certain pattern from generation to generation, Mendel proposed the
To describe how traits disappear and reappear in a certain pattern from generation to generation, Mendel proposed the
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When Mendel crossed pea plants that differed in two characteristics, such as flower color and plant height
When Mendel crossed pea plants that differed in two characteristics, such as flower color and plant height
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If an individual has two recessive alleles for the same trait, the individual is said to be
If an individual has two recessive alleles for the same trait, the individual is said to be
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An individual heterozygous for a trait and an individual homozygous recessive for the trait are crossed and produce offspring. These offspring are likely to be
An individual heterozygous for a trait and an individual homozygous recessive for the trait are crossed and produce offspring. These offspring are likely to be
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Tallness (T) is dominant over shortness (t) in pea plants. Which of the following represents the genotype of the pea plant that is heterozygous for tallness?
Tallness (T) is dominant over shortness (t) in pea plants. Which of the following represents the genotype of the pea plant that is heterozygous for tallness?
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The phenotype represented in box 1 is
The phenotype represented in box 1 is
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The device shown, which is used to determine outcome of genetic crosses, is called a
The device shown, which is used to determine outcome of genetic crosses, is called a
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An organism that has inherited two of the same alleles of a gene from its parents is called
An organism that has inherited two of the same alleles of a gene from its parents is called
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The difference between a monohybrid cross and a dihybrid cross is that
The difference between a monohybrid cross and a dihybrid cross is that
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A cross of two individuals for a single contrasting trait is called
A cross of two individuals for a single contrasting trait is called
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The genotype of box 1 will be ___ for freckles. _____.
The genotype of box 1 will be ___ for freckles. _____.
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True breeding pea plants always
True breeding pea plants always
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In humans having freckles (F) is dominant over not having freckles (f). Complete the Punnett square and then fill-in-the-blanks for the two statements below.
Female
Ff
Male
Ff
F
f
1
2
F
FF
Ff
3
4
f
Ff
ff
In humans having freckles (F) is dominant over not having freckles (f). Complete the Punnett square and then fill-in-the-blanks for the two statements below.
Female Ff Male Ff F f 1 2 F FF Ff 3 4 f Ff ff
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Consider the cross between two rabbits. In rabbits, black fur (B) is dominant over brown fur (b). Complete the Punnett square and then answer the three questions.
B
b
BB
2
B
Bb
b
3
4
Bb
bb
a. What is the phenotypes of the parents?
b. What is the phenotype of box 3?
c. What is phenotype of box 4?
Consider the cross between two rabbits. In rabbits, black fur (B) is dominant over brown fur (b). Complete the Punnett square and then answer the three questions.
B b BB 2 B Bb b 3 4 Bb bb a. What is the phenotypes of the parents? b. What is the phenotype of box 3? c. What is phenotype of box 4?
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What is the main goal of mitosis and meiosis?
What is the main goal of mitosis and meiosis?
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Study Notes
Cell Reproduction and Genetics
- DNA coils tightly around proteins called histones to fit into a cell
- Centromeres hold chromatids together
- Eukaryotic chromosomes are linear and located in the nucleus, while prokaryotic chromosomes are circular and attached to the cell membrane
- Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, including 2 sex chromosomes and 44 autosomes
- A diploid cell has two homologous chromosomes of each type (2n)
- A haploid cell has one of each type of chromosome (n)
- Cell division is for growth, healing, and replacement
Cell Cycle
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Interphase is the longest part of the cell cycle, preparing for mitosis
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Mitosis is the division of the nucleus
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Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm
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IPMATC is a helpful mnemonic for remembering the order of the phases of mitosis (Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis)
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The stage in mitosis where chromosomes align along the center of the cell is called metaphase
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Telophase is the stage of mitosis where the two new nuclei form
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Cytokinesis is the stage in which the cytoplasm divides
Mitosis
- Mitosis produces two genetically identical diploid cells
- A diploid cell contains two sets of chromosomes
- In mitosis, a diploid cell divides to create two diploid daughter cells
- Mitosis’ purpose is for growth and repair
Meiosis
- Meiosis produces four genetically unique haploid cells
- A haploid cell contains one set of chromosomes
- Meiosis involves two divisions, resulting in four daughter cells
- Meiosis’ purpose is for reproduction
Genetics
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Phenotype describes observable traits.
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Genotype describes genetic makeup.
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Dominant alleles mask recessive alleles.
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Homozygous describes having two of the same alleles.
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Heterozygous describes having two different alleles.
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Monohybrid cross involves one trait
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Dihybrid cross involves two traits
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Mendel's law of independent assortment states that traits are inherited independently of each other.
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Mendel's laws provide a framework for understanding how traits are passed from parents to offspring.
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Description
Test your knowledge on cell reproduction and genetics with this quiz! Explore key concepts such as DNA structure, chromosome types, and the stages of the cell cycle. Prepare to reinforce your understanding of meiosis, mitosis, and their significance in living organisms.
