Questions and Answers
What is the control center of the cell that contains DNA and regulates genes?
Nucleus
What jelly-like substance is found within the cell membrane?
Cytoplasm
What is the stack of membranes that packages chemicals and attaches carbohydrates and lipids to proteins?
Golgi Apparatus/Golgi Bodies
What sac filled with digestive chemicals is known as the clean-up organelle?
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What organelle converts sunlight to chemical energy?
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What is the name of the membrane that surrounds and protects the cell, controlling what goes in and out?
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What is known as the 'powerhouse of the cell'?
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What are the passageways where chemicals are made within the cell?
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What small structure synthesizes proteins?
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What thick outer layer is found in plant cells that maintains their shape?
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What sac stores water, nutrients, or waste products in plant cells?
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What is the basic building block of all living organisms?
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What structure manufactures ribosomes?
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What organelle functions in cell division and organizes the motion of chromosomes?
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What membrane protects the nucleus?
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What is the package created by the Golgi apparatus called?
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What large sac stores water, food, or waste and helps maintain the shape of a plant cell?
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What organelles store food or pigments?
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What gives the cell its 3-D shape?
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What are the hollow tubes that create pathways for organelle movement?
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What controls messages going in and out of the nucleus?
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Study Notes
Cell Organelles Overview
- Nucleus: Control center of the cell, houses DNA, regulates gene expression.
- Cytoplasm: Jelly-like substance within the cell membrane where cellular processes occur.
- Golgi Apparatus: Stack of membranes that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion.
- Lysosome: Organelle filled with enzymes for digestion; responsible for cellular waste disposal and recycling.
Photosynthesis and Energy Conversion
- Chloroplast: Converts sunlight into chemical energy through photosynthesis.
- Mitochondria: Known as the powerhouse of the cell; converts nutrients into ATP (energy).
Cellular Structure and Protection
- Cell Membrane: Protective barrier that regulates entry and exit of substances in and out of the cell.
- Cell Wall: Thick outer layer in plant cells providing structural support and protection.
- Nuclear Membrane: Double membrane that surrounds the nucleus, controlling the movement of materials in and out.
Storage and Synthesis
- Vacuoles: Sac-like structures for storing water, nutrients, and waste; help maintain cell shape.
- Large Vacuole: Predominantly found in plant cells, crucial for storage and maintaining turgor pressure.
- Ribosomes: Small structures that synthesize proteins; can be free-floating or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
Internal Organization
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Network of membranes involved in the production and processing of proteins and lipids.
- Centriole: Helps in organizing microtubules during cell division and plays a role in the movement of chromosomes.
- Nucleolus: Structure within the nucleus responsible for making ribosomes.
Cellular Framework
- Cytoskeleton: Network providing structural support, shape, and facilitating movement within the cell.
- Microtubules: Hollow tubes that form part of the cytoskeleton; provide pathways for organelle movement.
Other Organelles
- Plastids: Store food or pigments, essential for plant metabolism.
- Vesicle: Small membrane-bound package created by the Golgi apparatus for transporting materials within the cell.
Genetic Material
- Chromatin: Material consisting of DNA and proteins, forming chromosomes during cell division.
Organelles Recap
- Mitochondria: Convert energy from nutrients.
- Lysosomes: Digestive 'clean-up' organelles.
- Golgi Apparatus: Sort and package cellular products.
- Nuclear Envelope: Controls nuclear substance exchange.
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Description
Test your knowledge on cell organelles with these informative flashcards. Each card covers essential structures like the nucleus, cytoplasm, and Golgi apparatus, helping you understand their functions and importance within the cell. Perfect for students studying biology or preparing for exams.
