Cell Biology Organelles Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

Storage of genetic information

Provides structural support to plant cells

Synthesis of ribosomes

Controls what enters and exits the cell (correct)

Which statement about the cell wall is true?

It allows most materials to enter and exit the cell without restriction.

It is composed of lipids and proteins.

It provides rigidity and supports the structure of plant cells. (correct)

It is found in both animal and plant cells.

What is the primary role of ribosomes in a cell?

Store genetic information

Synthesize proteins (correct)

Control cell division

Transport materials within the cell

What is the main feature of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

It contains ribosomes that produce proteins. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of the nucleus?

It controls cell activities and contains the cell’s DNA. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?

Synthesizes and transports fats and proteins Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is known as the 'powerhouse of the cell'?

Mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

What structures do microtubules primarily contribute to within the cell?

Shape and rigidity of the cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the Golgi apparatus?

Packages and processes fats and proteins Signup and view all the answers

Which type of plastid is primarily involved in photosynthesis?

Chloroplasts Signup and view all the answers

What are vacuoles primarily used for in a cell?

Serving as temporary storage for various materials Signup and view all the answers

Lysosomes are often referred to as the cell's 'garbage men' because they:

Digest and dispose of cellular waste Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of enzymes in relation to destructive cells?

To break down unnecessary cells and tissues Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures are centrioles primarily composed of?

Microtubules Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the microscope connects the eyepiece to the objective lenses?

Tube Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic organizational unit of life according to cell theory?

Cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the total magnification when using a 10x eyepiece lens and a 40x objective lens?

400x Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the iris diaphragm in a microscope?

To adjust the light reaching the specimen Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately represents the third principle of cell theory?

All cells come from pre-existing cells Signup and view all the answers

During cell division, centrioles migrate towards which part of the cell?

Opposite ends of the cell Signup and view all the answers

What does the fine adjustment knob on a microscope do?

Sharpens the focus of the specimen Signup and view all the answers

What imaging technique is best for observing 3D surfaces?

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of genes in DNA?

To provide instructions for making specific proteins Signup and view all the answers

What procedure is used to sample amniotic fluid for genetic testing?

Amniocentesis Signup and view all the answers

How are chromosomes organized in the nucleus?

In pairs of chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What does DNA screening primarily help identify?

Genetic disorders and disease risks Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes complementary base pairing in DNA?

A pairs with T and C pairs with G Signup and view all the answers

Which bases are categorized as purines in DNA?

Adenine (A) and Guanine (G) Signup and view all the answers

What is a karyotype primarily used for?

Analyzing chromosomal composition Signup and view all the answers

What is gene doping primarily concerned with?

Enhancing athletic performance Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Organelles and their Functions

Cell Membrane: Holds the cell contents together, controls what enters/exits the cell. Its structure is a phospholipid bilayer, made of fats, proteins and carbohydrates.
Cell Wall: Supports the cell structure, provides rigidity and protection (especially in plant cells). Composed of cellulose.
Cytoplasm: Gel-like substance containing organelles, sugar, water and life-supporting material. Fills the interior of the cell.
Nucleus: The control center of the cell, containing the cell's DNA as chromatin. Surrounded by a nuclear envelope with pores to control substance passage. Crucial for cell activities.
Nucleolus: Found inside the nucleus, it synthesizes ribosomes.
Ribosomes: Sites of protein synthesis, either free-floating or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER): Contains ribosomes that produce proteins. Transports fats and proteins within the cell, including to the Golgi apparatus.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER): Produces fats (lipids). Transports fats and proteins, similar to RER.
Golgi Apparatus/Golgi Body: Processes, packages, and stores proteins and fats produced by the ER. Sends them to other parts of the cell or its surface.
Mitochondria: The powerhouse of the cell; produces ATP (the main source of energy in cells) through cellular respiration.

Other Cellular Structures

Vacuoles: Store materials, such as water, starch and fats. Composed of membrane fragments .
Microtubules: Long, hollow, cylindrical components in the cytoplasm made of protein. Give cells shape and rigidity, and form cilia and flagella (involved in movement).
Microfilaments: Found in some cells, they are thread-like strands of protein that function in cell movement.
Plastids: Three main types: leucoplasts (for starch storage), chromoplasts (pigment storage), and chloroplasts (photosynthesis in plants). Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll.
Lysosomes: The "garbage men" of the cell. Digest, destroy and clean-out cells. Contain digestive enzymes.
Centriole: Composed of microtubules and found in pairs inside the centrosome. Play a role in cell division.

Cell Theory

Historical Background: Robert Hooke first studied cells using a microscope. Later microscopy advancements led to better cell understanding and disease treatments.
Three Main Principles:
- All living things are made of one or more cells.
- The cell is the basic unit of life.
- All cells come from pre-existing cells.

Microscopy

Microscopy: The science of using microscopes to view tiny samples and objects.
Microscope Parts: Includes eyepiece/ocular lens, tube, coarse adjustment knob, fine adjustment knob, revolving nosepiece, objective lenses, arm, stage, stage clips, iris diaphragm, condenser lens, light source/illuminator, base.
Magnification: Increases the size of an image.
Resolution: The ability to distinguish two close objects as separate.
Light Microscopes: Use light to view specimens. Subtypes include brightfield, darkfield, and phase-contrast.
Electron Microscopes: Use electron beams for greatly magnified views. Types include transmission and scanning.

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA): A nucleic acid containing genetic instructions. Consists of two long polymers, called nucleotides, with sugar-phosphate backbones. Organized into chromosomes found in the nucleus.
Chromosomes: Contain duplicated DNA, and determine cell function, lifespan, and structure.
Genes: Segments of DNA that provide instructions for making specific proteins. Genes vary based on the sequence of nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine). Genetic variations can cause different characteristics, and health issues
Karyotype: A micrograph displaying chromosomes arranged in pairs, showing number, size, and shape.

Vaccinations

Vaccination: Administering a vaccine to prepare the immune system for disease.
Immunization: The process by which a person becomes protected through vaccination.
Types of Vaccines: Live attenuated (weakened pathogens, long-lasting immunity), inactivated (killed pathogens, often multiple doses), subunit/conjugate (specific pathogen pieces, allowing immune response without exposure to entire organism).
Herd Immunity: When a significant portion of a population is immune to a disease reducing its spread.
Misconceptions: Vaccines do not overwhelm the immune system and delaying them increases disease risk.

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Description

Test your knowledge on cell organelles and their functions. This quiz covers essential components like the cell membrane, nucleus, and ribosomes. Challenge yourself to understand how these structures contribute to overall cell activity.