Biology - Cell Organelles Functions

Questions and Answers

Which of the following is an organelle that controls the cell and tells it what to do?

Mitochondria

Vacuole

Nucleus (correct)

Ribosome

Which organelle is known as the 'powerhouse' of the cell?

Lysosome

Chloroplast

Nucleus

Mitochondria (correct)

Which organelle is involved in protein synthesis?

Golgi Apparatus

Ribosome

Both A and C (correct)

Endoplasmic reticulum

What is the function of lysosomes?

Digest excess or worn-out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the function of vacuoles.

They are cavities that contain inorganic or organic material such as fluid, food, or waste. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of chloroplasts?

To carry out photosynthesis in plants. Signup and view all the answers

What protects the cell from its surroundings?

Cell membrane. Signup and view all the answers

The _____ is a semi-permeable layer outside the plant cell, fungi, algae, and bacteria.

cell wall Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of the cytoplasm?

Water Signup and view all the answers

What cellular process takes place in the cytoplasm?

Glycolysis Signup and view all the answers

What role do centrioles play during cell division?

They are the sites where spindle fibers originate to facilitate chromosome separation. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Organelles Identification

Nucleus: Controls cell activities and genetic information.
Lysosome: Contains digestive enzymes for waste breakdown.
Centriole: Involved in cell division, aids in spindle fiber formation.
Cytoplasm: Semi-fluid medium for cellular processes, facilitates metabolism.
Cell membrane: Protective lipid bilayer, regulates substance exchange.
Mitochondria: Known as the "powerhouse" of the cell, generates energy.

Plant Cell Organelles

Vacuole: Storage structure for fluids, food, and waste materials.
Chloroplast: Site of photosynthesis, converts sunlight into chemical energy (ATP, NADPH).
Cell membrane: Similar function as in animal cells, protects and facilitates transport.
Golgi apparatus: Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.
Endoplasmic reticulum: Synthesizes proteins and lipids, has rough (with ribosomes) and smooth (without ribosomes) regions.
Cell wall: Provides structure and support in plants, fungi, and some bacteria.

Functions of Key Organelles

Nucleus: Regulates cellular functions, stores DNA.
Ribosome: Synthesizes proteins from messenger RNA.
Endoplasmic reticulum: Processes and transports proteins and lipids.
Golgi apparatus: An integral hub for protein modification and delivery.

Additional Functions

Vacuoles: Maintain osmotic balance and store essential compounds.
Lysosomes: Digest cellular debris and foreign invaders.
Mitochondria: Break down nutrients to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
Cell membrane: Determines cell's permeability and communication with the environment.

More Organelles Insights

Cytoplasm: Site for glycolysis and general metabolic activities, contains dissolved macromolecules.
Chloroplasts: Contains chlorophyll for photosynthesis, crucial for plant energy conversion.
Cell wall: Offers rigidity and defense against mechanical stress and pathogen invasion.
Centrioles: Organize microtubules during cell division, critical for proper chromosome segregation.

Description

Test your knowledge on the functions and identifications of various cell organelles in this Biology flashcard assignment. Each card asks you to identify or describe critical components such as the nucleus, chloroplast, and mitochondria. Perfect for students looking to solidify their understanding of cellular biology.